| Recent changes by the industry in cutter rake design and maintenance have decreased the rate of holdfast removal. |
| Recruitment to the harvest is not dependent on spore production since shoots arise vegetatively from the long-lived encrusting holdfast. |
| Many aquatic bacteria produce an acidic mucopolysaccharide holdfast, which allows them to adhere tightly to rocks or other surfaces. |
| At the base of the stalk is the holdfast, which cements the alga to the rock and prevents it from being washed away. |
| Attachment is achieved by flattening a sticky holdfast, which pulls the larva down on top of it. |
| In some Pasteuria strains, the daughter buds have a flagellum and are motile, whereas the mother cells lack flagella but have long pili and holdfast appendages at the end opposite the bud. |
