| In many eusocial wasps, nests are founded by single females that remain alone until offspring emergence. |
| When spawning, wrasses gather in loose aggregations where one dominant male oversees many females within a general territory. |
| Further data of the energetic cost of breeding for males and females of other ratite species would be valuable for testing that hypothesis. |
| Male asities enlarge their wattles when they display to females and their outer primary feathers produce a buzzing sound when they fly. |
| Toads can be distinguished from frogs by their heavier build and brown, warty skin with females being larger than males. |
| Research proved that U to E grade females give poor fertility and are poor milkers, two very important traits required for breeding. |
