| Very similar structures, observed on living sponges of the genus Astrosclera, represent excurrent canal systems. |
| The velocity of the excurrent stream through the osculum may be several hundred times that at the level of the choanocytes. |
| Colonies with greater than 12 individuals across, may have fixed water excurrent chimneys reflected in the skeleton. |
| The excurrent duct for the gills forms generally at the posterior limit of these small plates. |
| These skeletal features readily evident in outer part, but in inner part, where numerous excurrent canals occur, structure obscured by recrystallization. |
| Most conifers and a few hardwoods, such as sweetgum and tuliptree, have excurrent forms. |
