| The Rickettsia appear to be essential for development of oocytes and may be important in restoring diploidy in the oocytes. |
| Like the gregarines, however, the life cycle is primarily haploid, with diploidy only occurring before meiosis. |
| A second hypothesis stated that ferns accumulated chromosomes through cycles of polyploidy events, followed by a return to genetic diploidy through gene silencing. |
| The unequal expression in mammals of some maternally and paternally derived genes known as genomic imprinting reduces the masking benefits of diploidy. |
| Furthermore, it can be shown to hold for PGE with male somatic diploidy and for polyploid apomixis as well. |
| Although sporulation is a clear indication of diploidy, the absence of sporulation is uninformative since some diploids sporulate at very low frequencies. |
