| Adverse affects on coastal wetlands and coastal fisheries, e.g. coral bleaching events are expected to increase and mangroves are expected to decline in many coastal zones. |
| Mass coral bleaching events due to elevated ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006, and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence. |
| Dr. Donner studies the frequency of coral bleaching events, their consequences and the link to unusually warm oceans. |
| For example, the particularly strong El Nino phenomenon in 1997-1998 caused coral bleaching in tropical oceans globally. |
| After extensive aerial surveys, scientists in a joint survey of the GBR this year discovered that coral bleaching has affected more than 60 per cent of the reef system. |
| They are affected by coral bleaching, they're affected by crown-of-thorn starfish, and a lot of things that make coral reefs sick makes the staghorn coral sick first. |
