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What is a conchoid?

What is a conchoid? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (mathematics) Any of a family of curves defined as the locus of points p, such that each p is on a line that passes through a given fixed point P and intersects a given curve, C, and the distance from p to the point of intersection with C is a specified constant (note that for nontrivial cases two such points p satisfy the criteria, and the resultant curve has two parts).
  2. (geology) A conchoidal fracture in rock.
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Examples
The Conchoid of Nicomedes is the conchoid of a straight line with respect to a point not on the line.
Nicomedes is famous for his treatise On conchoid lines which contain his discovery of the curve known as the conchoid of Nicomedes.
The ruler has a fixed distance marked on it and one mark is kept on a given line while the other traces the conchoid curve.
One of the best choices is the conchoid, according to Newton the simplest curve after the circle.
The conchoid has been employed by later mathematicians, notably Sir Isaac Newton, in the construction of various cubic curves.
Pappus tells us about the conchoid of Nicomedes in his Mathematical collection.

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