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What is a clitic?

What is a clitic? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).
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Examples
The parameter of choosiness vs. promiscuity is crucial in differentiating the categories of word, affix, and clitic.
While the two variants carry similar meaning and phonological makeup, the special clitic is bound to a host word and unaccented.
The analysis is supported in spoken Dutch by the placement of clitic pronoun subjects.
Moreover, de is not truly a clitic because, unlike clitics, it is not attached to the beginning or end of a phrase or clause.
If the possessed object is plural, the clitic is e regardless of the gender.
In more prestigious varieties of Spanish, the clitic and object noun phrase are in complementary distribution.

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