| As Caesar complains, a move to a chirographic culture changes how that culture views and uses memory. |
| This phonocentrism of Osundare's verse is a salutary throwback to African orature, a chirographic revalorization of tradition and the oral patrimony of Africa. |
| The residually oral subcultures of the chirographic culture were composed of residually tribal people. |
| In Orality and Literacy, Ong is careful to trace distinctions between oral, chirographic, manuscript, and print culture. |
| That is, all knowledge is mediated via either typographic or chirographic words on a page, or even on a screen. |
