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What is a carotene?

What is a carotene? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.
  2. (organic chemistry) Specifically, a number of isomers of tetraterpene hydrocarbons, C40H56, (especially beta-carotene), present in carrots etc, which are converted into vitamin A in the liver.
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Examples
The dietetic cause of xanthosis cutis is simply the unduly high consumption of vegetables containing carotene.
Under similar experimental conditions, the carotene conjugate did not produce singlet oxygen.
People in west Africa use red palm oil, which is rich in b carotene, in cooking, so rarely develop vitamin A deficiency.
Beech trees have more of a red pigment called anthocyanin and birch trees have more carotene which turns leaves yellow.
A similar scenario had previously been played out for the antioxidant vitamin carotene.
These are chlorophyll's shy cousins, the yellow pigment xanthophyll and the red-orange carotene.

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