| The intermediate-level benthos was dominated by sponges, corals, giant bivalves, giant brachiopods, stalked echinoderms and fixed dendroid graptolites. |
| The presence of other specialized benthos at the crinoid-bearing localities indicates that the ocean bottom locally was not fully anoxic. |
| Studies should be conducted to assess the environmental impacts of these resuspended particles, particularly on benthos and phytoplankton. |
| On average, collections were made every 3-4 d for phytoplankton and zoo-plankton, 7 d for benthos, and 10-14 d for nekton. |
| Plants and animals arrive as plankton, nekton, fouling organisms, and benthos. |
| After 4 to 5 months, when the spat reach a shell size of 8 to 10 mm, they lose their byssal thread and settle to the benthos. |
