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What is an apothem?

What is an apothem? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (geometry) The perpendicular distance from the center of a circle to a chord of the same circle.
  2. (geometry) The distance from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides (a special case of the above).
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Examples
In a regular polygon, we have an apothem, a number and a length of sides which do not belong to the base class shape.
In the Pyramid Cheops, altitude is very nearly a mean proportional between apothem and half base.
In any pyramid, the apothem is to half the base as the area of the four sides is to the area of the base.
Once the perimeter and the apothem are known, the formula relating the two to area can be used to solve for the area.
The Arc, Chord, Radius, Height, Angle, Apothem, and Area Suppose you have a segment of a circle, bounded by an arc of the circle and the chord subtending it.
We can find the apothem from the side length and the number of sides.

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