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What is an amino acid?

What is an amino acid? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.
  2. (biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.
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The body normally converts the amino acid tyrosine into the pigment melanin.
The good news is that the change of a single amino acid in the major peanut allergen can reduce reactivity.
Two known enzymes catabolize the essential amino acid tryptophan in mammals.
Homocysteine is produced from the amino acid methionine, which is found in normal dietary protein.
The NK1, kappa opioid, and CCRS receptors all have an amino acid composition similar to rhodopsin near the conserved Pro.
The different functions can often be assigned to conserved amino acid motifs which are separated into independent structural units.

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