| In reality, the descendant 17-column species had evolved allopatrically at least 2 million years earlier—and had simply migrated to the Midwest after the 18-column species had been driven to extinction through habitat loss. |
| The different levels of isolation were compared to differentiation between the two subspecies G. p. gambiensis and G. p. palpalis which both occur allopatrically along the Comoe River in Ivory Coast. |
| However, we performed the AMOVA with and without the allopatrically occurring repeated genotypes and obtained the same results. |
| Therefore, mating in the main populations of these two forms takes place allopatrically. |
| All lineages investigated are allopatrically distributed in separate hydrological basins. |
