| The invention and evolution of the Phoenician alphabet, the earliest known example of alphabetical as opposed to hieroglyphic or cuneiform writing. |
| In the Phoenician alphabet the letter stood for a species of breathing, as vowels were not represented in the Semitic alphabets. |
| The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet. |
| Table 2: comparison of the shapes of the letters in the Phoenician alphabet and the various finds of early scripts in the regions called nowadays Bulgaria and Rumania. |
| Punic alphabet, a form of the Phoenician alphabet. |
| Before the middle of the 8th century bce, the Phrygians adopted an alphabetic script ultimately derived from the Phoenician alphabet. |
