| His past medical history included intravenous drug abuse and esophageal variceal bleeding, which was controlled by sclerotherapy. |
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| When thrombosis involves the portal or splenic veins the initial presentation may be variceal bleeding, splenomegaly, or ascites. |
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| Recently, the American College of Gastroenterology recommended endoscopic screening to detect varices in patients with cirrhosis and no previous variceal hemorrhage. |
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| The diagnosis of cirrhosis was established by biopsy or by signs of portal hypertension such as gastroesophageal varices, previous variceal bleeding, or ascites. |
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| Several randomized trials have shown that beta blockers such as propranolol and nadolol can reduce the risk of initial variceal bleeding from about 45 percent to 22 percent. |
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| Patients with cirrhosis were screened by endoscopy for esophageal varices, and those with more than minimal variceal lesions were asked to enroll in the study. |
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| Surgical options include nephrectomy, variceal ligation, nephropexy, and renocaval reimplantation. |
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| Findings were that of grade 1 oesophageal varices with no features of variceal bleed. |
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| In variceal haemorrhage the use of vasopressors or somatostatin analogues are of benefit. |
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| Eight months after onset of the patient's condition, marked hepatic decompensation occurred, culminating in esophageal variceal hemorrhage. |
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| Explain videos of an endoscopy of an esophageal variceal bleed. |
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| Variceal bleeding is the most catastrophic complication of portal hypertension associated with cirrhotic and noncirrhotic forms of liver disease. |
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| Variceal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatopulmonary syndrome may develop in this syndorme. |
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