| Yes, it is a vaccinia infection of the eczematous patch in the skin which can extend quite rapidly, and it can be fatal, yes. |
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| The vaccine is freeze-dried, live vaccinia virus, a poxvirus related to smallpox virus. |
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| Other viruses in this group that can cause infection in humans include variola, vaccinia, and cowpox viruses. |
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| Smallpox vaccine contains live vaccinia virus, a milder cousin of the variola virus. |
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| A live, replicating virus, vaccinia can cause side effects, which on rare occasions can be serious and potentially life-threatening. |
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| The live vaccinia virus that is used for the smallpox vaccination is admittedly the most dangerous vaccine in use. |
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| Jenner waited only four years before declaring that the vaccine that he named vaccinia provided immunity from smallpox for life. |
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| One uses the vaccinia virus, a relatively harmless virus used in smallpox vaccines, and the second uses the fowlpox vaccine. |
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| Presumably, vaccinia virus with the mutated gene would be much more pathogenic. |
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| For example, vaccinia immune globulin, or VIG, is stored and ready for the next person who becomes ill from smallpox vaccine. |
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| The vaccine does not contain the Variola virus which causes smallpox, but a closely related virus called vaccinia. |
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| Then the immune-impaired and those susceptible to vaccinia complications could be inoculated against vaccinia while everyone else is inoculated against smallpox. |
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| Although the researchers did not actually outfit vaccinia virus with this mutated gene, the work was only one step away from this manipulation. |
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| No current technology is capable of discriminating variola from vaccinia. |
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| In the healthy, a vaccinia infection is largely harmless and merely confers immunity to smallpox. |
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| Dryvax was used to create ACAM2000, which is made using a live poxvirus called vaccinia. |
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| Human Immunoglobulin Anti-Vaccinia shall contain not less than 500 IU per ml of vaccinia antibody as determined by a neutralisation test on chorio-allantoic membranes or in tissue culture. |
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| Nevertheless, vaccinia has been, and will continue to be, a very useful virus indeed. Some researchers have turned to it as a potential means of delivery for immunisation against other viruses. |
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| If researchers can discover why vaccinia, and other pox viruses, are so good at evading the efforts of immune cells, they will make a significant advance in understanding the way the human immune system works. |
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| Crucially, vaccinia has ways of stopping this: by producing proteins that interfere with this activation system. Dr Bowie explains that turning on the immune system is rather like putting a key in a lock and opening it. |
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| The MVA vector is a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus that combines an extensive history of safety with the ability to stimulate a strong immune response to antigens. |
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| At least six different combination approaches are under active development, including chemical combination and vector technologies using vaccinia, polio, Salmonella, BCG and nucleic acid immunization. |
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| During the 19th century, the cowpox virus used for smallpox vaccination was replaced by vaccinia virus. |
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| The origin of vaccinia virus and how it came to be in the vaccine are not known. |
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| The current formulation of smallpox vaccine is a live virus preparation of infectious vaccinia virus. |
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| Those included vaccinial encephalitis, progressive vaccinia, eczema vaccinatum, and death. |
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| Researchers overcame that by using genetically engineered vaccinia, a relative of the smallpox virus, which spreads more easily in cancer tumors. |
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| Rabbits were sometimes used for intermediate passaging of vaccinia virus stocks and for seed virus production, particularly in Europe. |
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| Although Jenner used cowpox, the vaccine now contains a virus immunologically related to cowpox and smallpox viruses called vaccinia which causes a mild infection. |
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| Vaccinia immune globulin is a first-line therapy for certain adverse reactions to smallpox vaccine. |
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| Vaccinia virus was confirmed in all four patients, and gene sequencing in three of the cases linked the virus to the ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine. |
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| Adanson used the term Vaccinia to describe a similar family, but Jussieu first used the term Ericaceae. |
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| Vaccinia is in the same family as cowpox and variola, but is genetically distinct from both. |
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