| The risk did not decrease after discontinuation of tamoxifen and was not modified by other risk factors for endometrial cancer. |
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| In addition to the initial therapy, most patients received tamoxifen in a dosage of 20 mg daily as adjuvant treatment. |
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| The risk is small compared to the benefits of using tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. |
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| Some studies suggest that tamoxifen interferes with brain metabolism and cognitive function. |
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| In rat liver, it has been shown that tamoxifen forms covalent DNA adducts, implying a genotoxic mechanism for its carcinogenicity in this tissue. |
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| For example, thyroxine for thyroid cancer, tamoxifen for oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer, and stilboestrol for cancer of the prostate. |
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| In rats, tamoxifen potently induces liver carcinomas and also induces uterine tumours when given neonatally. |
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| When the main tamoxifen trials were published in 1983, dissemination into practice took about five years. |
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| Interestingly, tamoxifen was originally invented in the UK as a post-coital contraceptive. |
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| Can you use tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor to prevent breast cancer in the first place? |
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| Cataract surgery was required approximately twice as often among women who took tamoxifen. |
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| These treatments may involve drugs such as tamoxifen, which are meant to prevent the cancer from growing again. |
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| As with all medicines, tamoxifen has side effects that may affect some women and not others. |
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| Current treatment commonly centres on tamoxifen, another drug which shrinks tumours. |
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| As this history is often incomplete, our measured population of all patients on tamoxifen is grossly underestimated. |
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| What are the findings from the third study, which examines switching to an aromatase inhibitor after two to three years of tamoxifen? |
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| As a preventive measure, taking tamoxifen doesn't guarantee that you'll remain cancer-free. |
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| The question of how long patients should continue taking the drug is important because tamoxifen is not problem free. |
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| The authors suggest that tamoxifen may be underused in selected groups of women who could benefit from prophylaxis. |
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| About half in each of these groups were treated with chemotherapy followed by five years of tamoxifen. |
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| However, personal history, such as abnormal biopsy, was highly correlated with the decision to take tamoxifen. |
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| While looking through her papers, her family discovered she was one of the first to investigate the use of the drug Tamoxifen in cancer care. |
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| The ATAC study is an international collaboration which compared the safety and efficacy of tamoxifen with anastrozole alone and the combination of both drugs for 5 years. |
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| These have shown that tamoxifen alone is inadequate treatment and should be given only to very frail women with a life expectancy of less than a year. |
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| This crystalline retinopathy is rarely seen with standard doses of tamoxifen, but when present it can cause a substantial progressive drop in visual acuity. |
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| Hormonal therapy for postmenopausal women using chemicals such as tamoxifen is cytostatic, meaning it stops estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. |
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| Two studies have suggested that tamoxifen reduces the long-term risk of breast cancer. |
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| Drugs of note are the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants paroxetine and fluoxetine in women who are taking tamoxifen. |
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| Hormonal drugs such as tamoxifen, leuprorelin, and flutamide are ineffective. |
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| Scientists designed the study to compare oral doses of the osteoporosis drug raloxifene with tamoxifen taken for 5 years. |
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| Advanced breast cancer is frequently treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. |
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| An oestrogen antagonist, tamoxifen and synthetic androgen danazol have also shown benefit in some cases. |
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| None had a history of tamoxifen use or pelvic radiation exposure, and one had rapid uterine enlargement and was found to have leiomyosarcoma. |
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| American scientists studied the effects of raloxifene and tamoxifen on more than 19,000 post-menopausal women. |
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| New findings have found exemestane may reduce breast cancer recurrence among premenopausal women compared with tamoxifen when given along with ovarian suppression. |
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| The antiestrogen tamoxifen has been widely used for the management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and is generally well tolerated by patients. |
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| Tamoxifen is not a pure antioestrogen, since it has an oestrogenic effect in skeletal muscles, in lipid metabolism and in various gynaecological tissues. |
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