These findings illustrate that a prokaryote possesses a signal trafficking system with features common to those used by higher organisms. |
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So while the poor sound quality was aggravating, it was also a signal of some weird legitimacy. |
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She poised her pencil above the paper and waited for the signal to begin writing. |
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The teacher gave us the signal to finish what we were working on and hand in our tests. |
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The digital channelizer, which is used to split the received signal into a number of sub-channels, plays an important role in SDR systems. |
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These aerials were directional to enhance the signal northwards and reduce unwanted coverage to the south. |
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Faulty wiring in the train station caused a signal to malfunction. |
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An at-grade intersection may require a traffic-control device such as a stop sign, traffic light or railway signal to manage conflicting traffic. |
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The mainframe system offers busable signal routing, remote power supply and an optional remote fader box. |
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Detection requires a signal that exceeds the noise floor by at least the signal to noise ratio. |
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Noise typically appears as random variations superimposed on the desired echo signal received in the radar receiver. |
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The lower the power of the desired signal, the more difficult it is to discern it from the noise. |
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The kind of signal integration used with moving target indication can improve noise up to. |
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Terrain bounce jamming exploits this response by amplifying the radar signal and directing it downward. |
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In most cases, the receiver does not detect the return while the signal is being transmitted. |
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The distance resolution and the characteristics of the received signal as compared to noise depends on the shape of the pulse. |
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Frequency comparison between two signals is considerably more accurate, even with older electronics, than timing the signal. |
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By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured. |
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Since the signal frequency is changing, by the time the signal returns to the aircraft the transmit frequency has changed. |
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The modulation index riding on the receive signal is proportional to the time delay between the radar and the reflector. |
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This signal processing is similar to that used in speed detecting Doppler radar. |
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This was important in the early development of this type when high frequency signal generation was difficult or expensive. |
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The primary purpose is to measure both the amplitude and frequency of the aggregate reflected signal from multiple distances. |
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Radial movement is usually linked with Doppler frequency to produce a lock signal that cannot be produced by radar jamming signals. |
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There is some concern that this may seriously degrade the GPS signal for many consumer uses. |
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If the bass has active electronics, you may have to pad down the signal to avoid distortion. |
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The badge is variable in width and general size, and may signal social status or fitness. |
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A variety of possible rock magnetic mechanisms were proposed that would lead to a false signal. |
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The AMO signal is usually defined from the patterns of SST variability in the North Atlantic once any linear trend has been removed. |
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The longwave signal is part of the Royal Navy's system of Last Resort Letters. |
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When a wireless access point is used, low or unstable wireless signal quality can also cause reduction or fluctuation of actual speed. |
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This way, the DSL signal is separated as close as possible to the central office and is not attenuated inside the customer's premises. |
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Once a line has had DSL enabled, the DSL signal is present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. |
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On 17 March 1899 the East Goodwin lightship sent a signal on behalf of the merchant vessel Elbe which had run aground on Goodwin Sands. |
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Prairie dogs similarly have complex calls that signal the type, size, and speed of an approaching predator. |
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Clusters amplify the signal of aposematic coloration, and individuals may participate in group regurgitation or displays. |
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The line was operated in two signal sections, from Ryde to Sandown and from Sandown to Ventnor, and the train staff and ticket system was used. |
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In 1926, following the island's rail network passing to the Southern Railway, a signal box and turnouts were installed at Smallbrook. |
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Converting the multiplex signal back into left and right audio signals is performed by a decoder, built into stereo receivers. |
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It broadcast its FM signal, live from the source, simultaneously on the Internet 24 hours a day. |
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The signal improvements will improve journey times on this section of track. |
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This d-c signal is then photochopped in a solid-state oscillation circuit and the resulting a-c signal amplified. |
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However, this same shift in the radiocarbon signal predates the start of Younger Dryas at Lake Suigetsu by a few hundred years. |
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Between the camps, in strategic places or good points of observation, were watchtowers or signal towers and, in the Late Antiquity, burgi. |
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The gaps between the camps were closed by a chain of watchtowers or signal towers. |
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Charles Martel's victory at Tours was among those signal deliverances which have affected for centuries the happiness of mankind. |
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These variations deserve medical evaluation because they can occasionally signal a disease. |
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Often, the device is a discrete component which outputs either a digital or analog signal proportional to its orientation. |
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This signal is interpreted by a controller or microprocessor and either used internally, or sent to a display unit. |
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As the native canoes got within range, Fernandes gave the signal and the hidden Portuguese armed launch darted out from behind the ship. |
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All chronometers and watches should be checked regularly with a radio time signal. |
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At the signal to attack, the Spaniards unleashed volleys of gunfire at the vulnerable mass of Incas and surged forward in a concerted action. |
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At the signal to attack, the Spaniards unleashed gunfire at the vulnerable mass of Incans and surged forward in a concerted action. |
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The colectivos signal their specific destination with a sign on their windshield. |
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Phoneticians were able to replay the speech signal several times and apply acoustic filters to the signal. |
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By doing so, they were able to more carefully deduce the acoustic nature of the speech signal. |
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However, a substantial portion of research in phonetics is not concerned with the meaningful elements in the speech signal. |
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Since the 1950s, speech scientists have tried to show the existence of equal syllable durations in the acoustic speech signal without success. |
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Conversely, the use of the standard variant 'my wife and me' may seem to signal casualness or lack of sophistication. |
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Sometimes the normal rules of spelling changes before suffixes can help signal whether the hard or soft sound is intended. |
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Starting with the Papal conclave, 2005, church bells are also rung as a signal that a new pope has been chosen. |
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The two of them turn to each other and raise an eyebrow each, their signal to slip into alternating raconteuring. |
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It is used to symbolically signal the Commons's right to consider matters not contained in the Queen's speech. |
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The need to make an audible signal also compromises any situation in which a secret ballot may be desired. |
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The outbreak of revolution in France in 1830 was used as a signal for revolt. |
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There is also a relay transmitter at Millom whose signal can be received in the northern end of the town. |
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Trains operate by radio communication between drivers and at Ravenglass signal box. |
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The buried wire radiates a weak radio signal, which is detected by a collar worn by the animal. |
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There is evidence of villas, forts, signal stations and roads constructed by them. |
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The last reported tornado occurred on 14 September 2006, causing trees to uproot and signal failures at Leeds City railway station. |
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The Isle of Man and parts of the Irish Republic, mainly Dublin and Wicklow, could receive a signal from Holme Moss for some years. |
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At a signal from Horko's box there was an all-out, slam-bang, grand salute of the guns and with it a pounding of the deep liquid bass drums. |
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A signal was given and the two groups charged at each other until the entire school was involved in a superfight. |
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Using a large, syringelike device, a known volume of air is moved into and out of the spirometer in order to provide a test signal. |
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Officers use only hand signals and a whistle and have no access to the traffic signal box. |
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With experience, a trendwatcher becomes skilled at spotting the elusive and subtle shifts that signal fashion change. |
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The rear end's signature tribar taillamps, which light up in sequence to signal turns, are rendered in eye-catching LED panels. |
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However, the dependence is nonlinear at extremes of low and high values of absorptivity, and signal saturation occurs at high signal levels. |
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The unvoiced signal is smaller energy than voiced signal and, so, this section is applied the smaller threshold. |
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The intermittent signal dropout was down to a faulty connection which he'd fixed in seconds. |
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On 10 November 1938, a suburban service collided with empty coaches after a signal was misinterpreted. |
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging visualizes the blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the brain, which indexes neural activity. |
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The second derivative of the forestream signal marks exactly the beginning of the upstroke of the pulse wave. |
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Discourse markers such as oh, so or well, also signal the progression of ideas between sentences and help to create cohesion. |
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The power cable itself has enough inductance to disrupt the digital signal of the video output cable, due to poor shielding. |
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Who could know what forces those two-meter hulls inshelled, or what fleets and empires waited on their signal? |
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Here, the source memory and the target signal are from different sources, so soundspotting in this context performs intersource matching. |
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These battles are generally considered to signal the start of the Eighty Years' War that ended with the independence of the United Provinces. |
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Carnwath's action was misinterpreted by the royalist soldiers as a signal to move back, leading to a collapse of their position. |
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This was a signal that the Bourbon monarchy was in a weakened state and subject to the demands of its people. |
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She had twisted a piece of heather into her mail box for good joss, and this was the safety signal. |
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You must be quick, for I have one more signal to make, which is for close action. |
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The German bombers would attach themselves to either beam and fly along it until they started to pick up the signal from the other beam. |
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The receipt of the German signal by the receiver was duly passed to the transmitter, the signal to be repeated. |
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If the German bomber flew closer to its own beam than the Meacon then the former signal would come through the stronger on the direction finder. |
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The Thames is also host to some invasive crustaceans, including the signal crayfish and the Chinese mitten crab. |
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The station was opened in 1926 and was used to transmit the MSF time signal. |
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Next morning there was an answering signal from the swamp where the sumacs grow. |
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I have made several three vision glasses for my patients requiring distant, near and mediary vision with signal success. |
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The score was adjusted from 210 overnight owing to an umpire failing to signal a four byes. |
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It is often stated that a flag upside down is a form of distress signal or even a deliberate insult. |
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It can be traced back to 1823 when it was created as a signal flag, never intended as a civil jack. |
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The new ATV standard also allowed the new DTV signal to be based on entirely new design principles. |
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The vehicles may or may not be given the signal to start at the same time, depending on the class of racing. |
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From the LIGO signal it is possible to extract the frequency and damping time of the dominant mode of the ringdown. |
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The absence of such a signal does, however, not exclude the possibility that the compact object is a neutron star. |
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His move away from easel painting and conventionality was a liberating signal to the artists of his era and to all who came after. |
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The most common suggested method is the detection of a signal from the TV's local oscillator. |
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We know through experience that a red face tends to signal embarrassment, as we've learned to associate the two. |
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All of these terrestrial channels are transmitted via a DVB T2 digital TV signal. |
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Lightning gives off a radio signal as it ionizes the air, and his goal was to detect this signal to warn pilots of approaching thunderstorms. |
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The first was an Adcock antenna, an arrangement of four masts that allowed the signal to be directed through phase differences. |
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The international maritime signal flag for M is a white saltire on a blue background, and indicates a stopped vessel. |
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Signal control will move to the Manchester Rail Operating Centre removing five local signal boxes. |
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It replaced signal boxes at Central Station, Bridge Street Junction, Eglinton Street Junction and Eglinton Street Station. |
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The decay length of the nonthermalized signal is determined by the electron-electron scattering rate, renormalized due to superconductivity. |
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Here, dolphins drive fish towards fishermen waiting along the shore and signal the men to cast their nets. |
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This consists of an experience with other dolphins that modifies the signal structure of an existing whistle sound. |
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Echolocation details, such as signal strength, spectral qualities, and discrimination, are well understood by researchers. |
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So with analog, a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference. |
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In contrast, a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality. |
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Broadcasters of analog television encode their signal using different systems. |
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A color television system is identical except that an additional signal known as chrominance controls the color of the spot. |
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The signal amplifier performs amplification to the IF stages from the microvolt range to fractions of a volt. |
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At this point the IF signal consists of a video carrier signal at one frequency and the sound carrier at a fixed offset. |
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Each line of the displayed image is transmitted using a signal as shown above. |
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In signal processing terms, it compensates for the fall time and settling time following the sync pulse. |
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In color television systems such as PAL and NTSC, this period also includes the colorburst signal. |
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The horizontal sync signal is a single short pulse which indicates the start of every line. |
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The vertical sync signal is a series of much longer pulses, indicating the start of a new field. |
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Then, an American company, General Instrument, demonstrated the feasibility of a digital television signal. |
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Analog TV started off with monophonic sound, and later evolved to stereophonic sound with two independent audio signal channels. |
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Prior to the conversion to digital TV, analog television broadcast audio for TV channels on a separate FM carrier signal from the video signal. |
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This FM audio signal could be heard using standard radios equipped with the appropriate tuning circuits. |
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The S4C analogue signal also spilled over on to the east coast of the Republic of Ireland. |
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The S4C signal also continues to overspill into the Republic of Ireland via the Freesat satellite service. |
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The raw signal data was subjected to a baseline correction process to subtract the sensor's offset and drift variations. |
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Cuttlefish sometimes use their color patterns to signal future intent to other cuttlefish. |
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For example, during agonistic encounters, male cuttlefish adopt a pattern called the Intense Zebra Pattern, considered to be an honest signal. |
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Female cuttlefish signal their receptivity to mating using a display called Precopulatory Grey. |
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A piece of paper is wrapped around a rotating drum of the helicorder which receives the seismic signal from a seismometer. |
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It can automatically plot seismograms from 18 seismic signal sources and 3 time signals on a continuous reel of film. |
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Audio signals and other electronic signal levels are often measured in dBm, referenced to one milliwatt. |
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The electric beeper horn now lies flat on the ground next to the fog signal building. |
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After twenty minutes' firing the fishermen saw a blue light signal on one of the warships, the order to cease firing. |
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After he drove with his turn signal on for five miles, I was pretty sure he was out to lunch. |
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Tyrwhitt turned back to assist Keyes on receipt of the signal that he was being chased. |
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Signals between ships continued to be by flag but there was no revision of the signal book or the assumptions of its authors. |
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Thus, it might take a very long time for a signal from the flagship to be relayed to the entire formation. |
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The oil crisis sent a signal to the auto industry globally, which changed many aspects of production and usage for decades to come. |
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Immediately, Tromp set the signal for a general attack and began the offensive with the wind in his favor as he had the weather gauge. |
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And they are accustomed always to throw these axes at a signal in the first charge and thus to shatter the shields of the enemy and kill the men. |
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By now it was about 5pm and darkness had fallen, so Hawke made the signal to anchor. |
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Sightings were made of signal lights at Dover Castle from the Dunkirk Belfry, and vice versa. |
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Young discovered that ships passing through the beam path caused the received signal to fade in and out. |
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More sophisticated methods of signal processing are also used in order to recover useful radar signals. |
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For a transmitted radar signal, the polarization can be controlled to yield different effects. |
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Furthermore, the signal is attenuated by the medium it crosses, and the beam disperses. |
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Signal noise is an internal source of random variations in the signal, which is generated by all electronic components. |
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The noise floor and signal to noise ratio are two different measures of performance that affect range performance. |
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Reflectors that are too far away produce too little signal to exceed the noise floor and cannot be detected. |
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Picture signal break-up is such a corner stone of the public viewing of active events, if they Steadycam the whole thing they'd have to crappify it in post-production. |
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Deramp processing entails mixing the return signal with two sinusoidal carriers of frequency fc and then low-pass-filtering the two resulting signals. |
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Active radar transmits a signal that is reflected back to the receiver. |
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At another signal from Barelegs, their tails gradually eglomerated, and all joyfully made away from the shore, landing in the same order about seventy yards lower down. |
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My research interests include the theory of transiting exoplanets, the development of novel detection techniques, signal detection theory and exomoonology. |
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The influence of flowmotion on the current signal is highly dependent upon the distance from the electrode to the region undergoing oscillation in perfusion. |
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Passive radar depends upon the object sending a signal to the receiver. |
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Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. |
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In newer sets, this new carrier at the offset frequency was allowed to remain as intercarrier sound, and it was sent to an FM demodulator to recover the basic sound signal. |
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For example, active neurons seem to signal their health by producing a substance called fraktaline, which might warn the microglia to leave its synapses alone. |
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Freebooting of broadcast satellite signals may exist privately, but we nave no evidence of illegal signal capture being commercialized any longer. |
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Several signal events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West divided. |
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Although the coalition was fragile, it was a signal achievement for the Tainui contingent and the main body of the hikoi to arrive at Waitangi on the same day. |
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Hyperarousal after a traumatic experience is normal. It occurs when a person's brain believes that person is at risk again because it misreads an external signal or trigger. |
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Nor did the tears and weeping of the people, as they implored his aid, deter him from giving the signal of departure and receiving into his army all who would go with him. |
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The new regime of Normandy was keen to signal its arrival with an ambitious programme of grandiose cathedrals and castles throughout the High Middle Ages. |
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The great elephant, when the cage was being placed, would, at a signal from its keeper, place its ponderous head against one side of the cage and push. |
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In the data section, a microfilter is not used because digital devices that are intended to extract data from the DSL signal will, themselves, filter out low frequencies. |
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For V, a 90 degree shifted subcarrier briefly gates the chroma signal every 280 nanoseconds, and the rest of the process is identical to that used for the U signal. |
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The engine, however, behind us, not being aware of our mishap, came pelting on at a smart pace, without receiving its signal for checking motion in time. |
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So for making sure the work status of signal circuit, separation and shield for signal grounding, power zone and the interface of accessorial parts are necessary. |
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At the turn of the 20th century, Marconi began investigating the means to signal completely across the Atlantic in order to compete with the transatlantic telegraph cables. |
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If the distance between stations is such that the signal strength varies appreciably with time then the directivity of the receiving antennas must be greater than two to one. |
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He retreated to St Fiorenzo, arriving just ahead of the pursuing French, who broke off as Nelson's signal guns alerted the British fleet in the harbour. |
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Armed Tupiniquim warily approach the beach, but on a signal from the two natives, lay down their bows, and allow the Portuguese to land and collect water. |
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Testimonies exist from contemporaries, such as the Yorkshire Chartist Ben Wilson, that Newport was to have been the signal for a national uprising. |
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Another technique uses a moving target indicator that subtracts the receive signal from two successive pulses using phase to reduce signals from slow moving objects. |
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The crew would be ordered to drop their bombs either by issue of a code word by the ground controller, or at the conclusion of the signal transmissions which would stop. |
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Patients with phantosmia thought to be related to abnormal olfactory signal processing will often confirm a unilateral presentation to the distorted smell when asked. |
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Morgan developed the first automatic traffic signal and gas mask. |
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The Lord Great Chamberlain then raises his wand of office to signal to the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, who has been waiting in the central lobby. |
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On the other hand, the decision to beef up the standard fare without raising prices is a signal that Intel knows which side of the bread is buttered. |
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Because of its length, in addition to the Midland's normal block system, signal wires were installed which, when cut, caused alarms to ring in the signal boxes at each end. |
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Later a fixed signal was used, with red and white chequered boards on 12 foot high posts being turned to face trains from one direction if another train was ahead. |
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In an emergency, submarines can transmit a signal to other ships. |
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By contrast, a double track with signal boxes four minutes apart can allow up to 15 trains per hour in each direction, provided all the trains travel at the same speed. |
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Signal efficacy, or how well the signal can be seen against its background, has been shown to correlate directly to spectral qualities of chameleon displays. |
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When this happens, MF radio waves can easily be received many hundreds or even thousands of miles away as the signal will be reflected by the higher F layer. |
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While team managements can signal to a bowler or batsman to pursue certain tactics, the execution of the play itself is a series of solitary acts. |
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Because at these frequencies atmospheric noise is far above the receiver signal to noise ratio, inefficient antennas much smaller than a wavelength can be used for receiving. |
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While Cricket Australia officials assured that these omissions were not a signal that the Test careers of these three players were over, many experts said otherwise. |
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A stereo receiver will add the difference signal to the sum signal to recover the left channel, and subtract the difference signal from the sum to recover the right channel. |
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Many effective automated methods, such as signal processing, data mining, and machine learning techniques are used to detect and classify their calls. |
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The Congress's core ministerial panel on Friday gave its green signal to raising motor fuel prices but the quantum of increase emerged as a hitch. |
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Chief Justice Rehnquist was famous for cutting off lawyers in midsentence, even midsyllable, as soon as the red light on the lectern came on to signal that time was up. |
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As part of this project the panel signal box on platform 4 is to be decommissioned, with its control area passing to the York Rail Operating Centre. |
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On 25 March 2009, Channel 5's analogue signal was turned off from Fawley Power Station, due to the digital switchover in the neighbouring Westcountry region. |
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The delay between the reception of the master signal and the slave signals allowed the receiver to deduce the distance to each of the slaves, providing a fix. |
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Eleven, listen for the signal, then open the flashpan cover. |
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Telic sentences signal that the intended goal of an action is achieved. |
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Applications for GPS such as time transfer, traffic signal timing, and synchronization of cell phone base stations, make use of this cheap and highly accurate timing. |
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Goodenough received the signal and abandoning his own search for enemy vessels to attack, steamed to assist Keyes against his own ships, Lowestoft and Nottingham. |
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The war also demonstrated the vulnerability of GPS to being jammed, when Iraqi forces added noise to the weak GPS signal transmission to protect Iraqi targets. |
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Atelic sentences do not signal whether any such goal has been achieved. |
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Drumming is as ancient as the concept of formed military units, and their original purpose on the battlefield was to signal tactical movements and keep cadence on the march. |
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The study of phonetics grew quickly in the late 19th century partly due to the invention of the phonograph, which allowed the speech signal to be recorded. |
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This may serve to introduce young to hibernation sites, signal reproduction in adults and allow adults with breed with individuals from other groups. |
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However, deer bow heads to signal that they are about to headbutt. |
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Three days after setting out, Hanno arrived behind a tributary of the Rhone and gave the previously agreed upon signal to let Hannibal know that his force had arrived. |
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For each layer thickness, a semipartial correlation was calculated for explanatory variables including age, gender, axial length, corneal curvature, and signal strength index. |
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The new system provides exceptional quality of the reception signal. |
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High tech radar systems are associated with digital signal processing, machine learning and are capable of extracting useful information from very high noise levels. |
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Likewise, studies show that fishermen casting their nets following the unique signal catch more fish than when fishing alone, without the help of the dolphins. |
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On 5 October 1999, a Thames Train stopping service from Paddington to Bedwyn passed a red signal, colliding with a Great Western express travelling in the opposite direction. |
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By 2013 the digital signal was available in the whole country. |
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In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude, frequency or phase of the signal. |
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For suddenly the drum beat to quarters, which familiar sound happening at least twice every day, had upon the present occasion a signal peremptoriness in it. |
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The signal and mechanism releasing the arcuate nucleus from inhibition have been the subject of investigation for decades and remain incompletely understood. |
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As an example, Moving Target Indication can interact with Doppler to produce signal cancellation at certain radial velocities, which degrades performance. |
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Therefore, in order to describe a given signal completely, it's necessary to quote the color system and the broadcast standard as a capital letter. |
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