| Most of the species studied have a pollinarium composed by four superimposed, obovate to rotund, unequal pollinia. |
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| Pollination occurs when insects carrying pollinia visit another flower and deposit pollen on the stigma. |
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| Only the cosmopolitan syrphid fly Eristalis tenax was captured on two occasions carrying the four pollinia attached to the mouthparts. |
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| Nectar is the most common reward amongst epidendroid orchids since their pollen occurs in discrete masses within pollinia and is generally inaccessible to foraging insects. |
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| The latter is an unidentified species of weevil that was observed feeding on nectar during two flowering seasons but carrying the four pollinia attached only once. |
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| The smaller alar fissure width on flowers of non-fruiting plants apparently reduces the probability of successful pollinia insertions in these plants. |
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| Orbicules have not been observed in taxa with viscin threads, elastoviscin, massulae or compact pollinia. |
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| The caudicles may dry up if the flower has not been visited by any pollinator, and the pollinia then fall directly on the stigma. |
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| The flowers of the bee orchid, Ophrys apifera, have pollinia that hang freely instead of being tucked inside the flower. |
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| Caudicles or stipes hold the pollinia to the viscidium, a sticky pad which sticks the pollinia to the body of pollinators. |
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| We argue that blaming low fruit set on the performance of a discrete lineage of anthophilous insects as poor pollinia vectors must be approached with caution for two reasons. |
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