How to use permafrost in a sentence

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Sentence Examples The forest grows atop permafrost, a layer of soil that remains frozen year-round. However, there may be water locked in permafrost in some deep polar craters. Melting permafrost means that polar bears cannot travel across the polar zone in search of seals. On Alaska's northern coast, they met Native Alaskans dealing with melting permafrost and coastal erosion. These climates introduced permafrost and cold-climate weathering products to river systems. For example, they hope to find some intact nuclei preserved in 20,000 year-old carcasses of woolly mammoths frozen in the permafrost in Siberia. There has been much controversy over how many woolly mammoths are frozen in the permafrost of Siberia. The rest of the year what little soil there is on the surface is rock hard above permafrost. Further paleoecological evidence for a lack of permafrost comes from the existence of some animals with small hooves, such as the saiga antelope. In the north soil takes the form of permafrost, where the water in the ground is permanently frozen. Warming of permafrost, thawing of ground ice, and development of thermokarst terrain have been documented over the past several decades. Deep permafrost thawing may result in irregular surface subsidence and thermokarst pits and mounds. Alpine, or plateau, permafrost is found at high elevations in mountain regions throughout the world. Gas is transported in gigantic tankers and stored in tanks so cold that they create permafrost around them. A species of bacterium locked in Alaskan permafrost for 32,000 years woke up and started swimming as soon as its medium melted. Much of this zone is underlain by permafrost and is the most southern Subarctic barrens in the world. The ground is underlain by permafrost, a layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year and that may extend deep into the earth. It's estimated that a quarter to a third of all soil carbon is locked in permafrost. In regions influenced by permafrost, water migrates along the thermal gradient from warm to cold, thereby feeding ice in the frozen core. Elsewhere an exhaustion of original ideas has engendered a permafrost of abstruse theorising untempered by experience. Show More Sentences Most of the remainder comes from wetlands, gas hydrates, permafrost, and termites. The permafrost below the topsoil is frozen all year around, and this prevents roots from penetrating deeply into the ground. Increased snow and ice melt have caused higher rivers while thawing permafrost has wreaked havoc with roads and other infrastructure. Once wet-based ice covered the area, the limited permafrost would have melted as a result of geothermal heating. Later, as the permafrost melted and the ice sheet warmed as a result of climatic amelioration, the ice would have become wetbased. These self-organized patterns result from the effects of freezing and thawing on layers of stone and soil overlying permafrost. However, permafrost covered large northern areas and many habitats were fragmented and displaced southward. But most of it is under tundra permafrost, if not indeed under even more inhospitable terrain. It's springtime in Siberia, where slumbering mammoths are emerging from melting permafrost. In northern Russia, melting permafrost has damaged roads, railways, and airport runways and ruptured oil and gas pipelines. Also, special designs of roadbed through wetlands in permafrost terrain are required to protect the thermal regime in the underlying substrates. Discontinuous permafrost may also occur under mature, closed forest cover, but ice content is generally low. In discontinuous permafrost regions, it may be possible to avoid areas of permafrost altogether. To cite just one example, last summer, unusually heavy rains destabilized the permafrost and caused the two bridges in Pangnirtung to collapse. Thus permafrost can act as the cover for a confined aquifer, or it can form the base of an unconfined aquifer. Many are well preserved because of the permafrost that underlies the entire Arctic Slope, while others deteriorated prior to entombment. Its first priority is to identify where permafrost is present and where mudslides and rockfalls are likely as it melts under the effect of global warming. In permafrost regions, summer thaw produces meltwater, which is typically unable to infiltrate into the ground because of the ice-rich frozen soils found in permafrost. Large expanses of boreal forest and tundra are underlain by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen soil found underneath the active, seasonally thawed soil. I wondered what would happen to the trees if some of the permafrost melted, allowing roots to expand in longer growing seasons. Show More Sentences It may, however, be abundant in some underground locations as a permafrost layer. They show a surface broken into polygonal slabs by repeated freezing and thawing of the sort that happens above permafrost. Methane being released as permafrost thaws and melting ice meaning less solar energy reflected back into space are two examples. According to an estimate made in 2009, terrestrial permafrost holds about 1.7 trillion tonnes of carbon, roughly twice as much as the atmosphere. Included in this category are other types of bedrock that are rendered impervious by permafrost. As the permafrost thaws, bacteria start chewing up the organic matter it contains. The larger part of the region is characterized by continuous or intermittent permafrost. As the permafrost weakens, aging community water and sewer systems break, and the foundations of buildings may shift. Schools are coming off their foundations in Inuvik because the permafrost is melting. Patterned ground and permafrost phenomena such as tussock and heath tundra are well represented. Ivvavik also has outstanding permafrost features like patterned ground, ground ice and tussock, and trailing heath tundra. If the permafrost starts to thaw in the north many kinds of disasters will result. In northern areas of continents the permafrost is melting at a dramatic rate, especially in central Siberia and Alaska. Peatlands allow permafrost to extend south because of the yearly variation in peat thermal conductivity associated with raised bog. The tundra is characterized by a permafrost layer, approximately two metres below the surface. Once the permafrost starts to melt, the methane is liberated which is a vicious cycle. The project site is located in the tundra environment, 100 km north of the tree line in an area of continuous permafrost. Researchers have projected that the tree line will move north and this increased biomass could potentially offset carbon losses from permafrost. Flooding by hydroelectric reservoirs is especially detrimental to permanently frozen peatlands because the overall permafrost regime is completely altered or obliterated. The authors provide, in this paper, the first quantitative estimate of carbon stocks in Siberian loess permafrost. Show More Sentences Disappearing alpine glaciers and melting permafrost will lead to more floodings and landslides. Remediation activities in Nunavut is not easily carried our as a result of the extreme climate and permafrost. Cuts and fills should not be made on slopes in ice-rich permafrost terrain because they are prone to slumping. Glaciers, permafrost and polar ice caps are melting, and droughts, floods and more extreme storms are occurring more frequently in many parts of the world. The landscape of Nunavut is marked by permafrost which occurs continuously or discontinuously throughout the territory. To avoid disturbance of permafrost in ice-rich areas, work should be conducted during the winter. In fact, except for the top layer of soil, the ground is frozen all year round, called permafrost. The background is the super-exposed town of Shishmaref in Western Alaska, where global warming and the thawing permafrost are collapsing towns in on themselves. Latent heat supplied by cooling of warm permafrost and presence of insulative snow cover inhibited near-surface cooling later in winter. Thickness and distribution of permafrost along a north-south transect from the Beaufort Sea to the Alberta border. Ideal permafrost conditions are thus for there to be very little snowfall in early and midwinter, so allowing the ground to cool down properly. Hot, dry summers have thawed permafrost layers and shriveled berry crops. Liquid water cannot flow below the active layer, with the result that permafrost environments tend to be very poorly drained and boggy. The impact of construction on frozen ground is different in discontinuous and continuous permafrost areas. The southern limit of continuous permafrost zone and the limit of the discontinuous permafrost zone appear on the map. For example, the melting of the permafrost in the north has destabilized the foundations of homes and schools. Pingos appear when underlying permafrost puts pressure on pooled groundwater, forcing it upward. Drunken trees leaning in random directions are often found in spruce forests where discontinuous permafrost has melted. The presence of ground permafrost is important to the persistence of some lakes. The idea here is that rising air and soil temperatures thaw permafrost, allowing the lakes to drain away into the ground. Show More Sentences Thermal erosion is the result of melting and weakening permafrost due to moving water. Over the past 50 years, glaciated areas in north-western China decreased by 21 per cent and the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lost up to 4-5 metres in thickness. Both methane-producing and methane-consuming microorganisms were detected in the active layer soil and permafrost, but they only formed a minor part of the total microbial community. Dates on alpine glacier advances and retreats are plotted on the same maps as are data pertaining to former permafrost distributions because both represent largely responses to temperature changes. The Reports from the Dawson and the Teslin Designated Offices differed from the others to a limited extent, in that they made unique provision for permafrost operating conditions and for sewage sites, respectively. Information on the current permafrost thermal regime extracted from these databases are being combined with the maps characterizing the thermal and physical response to warming to produce a national-scale sensitivity map. The Arctic is sometimes defined as the region where permafrost is found, which is the name for ground which remains permanently frozen and does not thaw out even in summer. When the days get longer and the snow starts to melt, Ice Hogs burrow into the permafrost or under a glacier and sleep, nice and cold and cozy, all summer long. The team added samples of permafrost to dishes containing amoebas and then waited to see if the one-celled organisms died. The perpetually frozen subsurface known as permafrost lies a few feet beneath the surface of the islands in the delta and exists discontinuously beneath the entire Mackenzie Lowlands north of Great Slave Lake. In the Arctic region, the effects of climate change are plainly visible with melting sea ice, the melting of the Greenland icecap and thawing permafrost. Infrastructure in northern communities often relies on permafrost for stability, and is expected to be susceptible to thaw-related problems associated with climate change and terrain disturbance. They have twisted and warped with the whims of permafrost and age, but are still the boastful creations of the men who reached for their pot of gold. Landslides, scree slopes, and permafrost features such as polygons and pingos are not created as a result of fluvial processes, nor are they affected by them. Carbon dating of the methane confirms that it originates from the decay of 40,000 year old carbon stored in the soils buried in the decaying permafrost along lake margins, not from much younger lake sediments. These data could assess the fate of contaminants during permafrost aggradation and determine the maximum permafrost temperatures that will immobilize drilling fluids. Sump morphology or revegetation of the sump can promote the accumulation of snowdrifts, which insulate the ground and warm permafrost temperatures. Engineers would face fierce cold, fierce heat, vicious insects, and vast stretches of permafrost and boggy terrain called muskeg that swallowed bulldozers whole. Much of the area of discontinuous permafrost is already in disequilibrium with the current climate and is still responding to changes of the last century. Subsequently, within the past 10,000 years, the Arctic Ocean rose and advanced over a frozen landscape to produce a degrading relict subsea permafrost. Show More Sentences Under these conditions no permafrost will thaw. Ice will vanish from Arctic summers and some mountaintops, permafrost will become impermanent, sea levels will keep rising. These changes will benefit some. Heavy organic deposits such as those found in a midden or within a collapsed house structure hold moisture more readily and provide an insulating layer so that permafrost is slow to melt. Sampled loess permafrost was analyzed for carbon content. If care is not exercised in selecting areas to be cleared for cultivation, thawing of the permafrost may necessitate abandonment of fields or their reduction to pasturage. The tops of excavated slopes should be rounded to reduce the chance of slumping, except in areas of continuous permafrost where they should be left to avoid disturbing the permafrost. In particular, the edges of raised peat areas accumulate depths of snow considerably higher than average, and this wintertime insulation results in permafrost being absent. Thermoprobes are non-structural, high-capacity, two-phase thermosyphons that provide passive refrigeration to maintain, or create, permafrost. For example, mining tailings that have been stored in previously frozen permafrost are at risk of contaminating soil and water as the ground thaws. Both local and scientific methods were consulted in the observation and evaluation of climate change impacts, including changes in temperature, water, plant and animal life, and permafrost. Northern is defined as a zone of high latitude in Northern Canada, north of the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost where, because of the natural environment, people experience distinctive living conditions. Canada's North is defined as the land and ocean based territory that lies north of the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost from northern British Columbia to northern Labrador. The method used to excavate granular material will depend on the nature of the material, the equipment available, and, in permafrost terrain, the extent and nature of the permafrost. However, clearing of ground cover and the surface organic layer is strongly discouraged as it protects permafrost from disturbance and prevents erosion in non-permafrost terrain. One of the most widespread geomorphic features associated with permafrost is the microrelief pattern on the surface of the ground generally called polygonal ground, or tundra polygons. It comes from a woolly mammoth that was buried in the Siberian permafrost. Thawing permafrost also leaks nitrates and phosphates into the tundra, allowing novel plant species to get a foothold in what was, to start with, a fairly spartan habitat. To do that, he says, may well require reviving some species that are already extinct. For example, Dr Church thinks that woolly mammoths could help prevent the Arctic permafrost from melting. In the case of metals such as mercury, increased thawing of permafrost is thought to increase the potential release of contaminants in water and fish. This investment will incorporate geoscience knowledge on changing permafrost and sea level conditions and will also generate new employment in the community. Show More Sentences When the decision was made to store the arsenic trioxide in the chambers underground, it was considered to be the safest place because the chambers and stopes were within the permafrost zone. An example of the latter type of local knowledge might be a requirement for an architect or engineer to have extensive knowledge about the effects of permafrost in northern regions. All of them are built on permafrost that changes with the seasons. Cryosequestration in permafrost has helped limit the amount of carbon emitted to the atmosphere from soil. A severe threat to tundra is global warming, which causes permafrost to melt. When the permafrost melts, it releases carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and methane, both of which are greenhouse gases. These hills appear to have been formed during the last ice age under permafrost conditions dominated by sparse tundra vegetation. As the permafrost melts, it could release billions of tonnes of methane gas into the atmosphere. Potential methane release from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates, is also a concern. Release of methane and carbon dioxide stored in permafrost could cause abrupt and severe global warming, as they are potent greenhouse gases. Arctic methane release from permafrost and methane clathrates is an expected consequence and further cause of global warming. Svalbard has permafrost and tundra, with both low, middle and high Arctic vegetation. In Southeast Asia, many smaller mountain glaciers formed, and permafrost covered Asia as far south as Beijing. Latitudinal gradients were so sharp that permafrost did not reach far south of the ice sheets except at high elevations. During the ice ages permafrost blocked the caves with ice and frozen mud and made the limestone impermeable. Subarctic climates are cold with continuous permafrost and little precipitation. Most maternity dens are in snowdrifts, but may also be made underground in permafrost if it is not sufficiently cold yet for snow. Cause of this was the strong freezing and thawing of the bottom due to deeply thawed permafrost. During winter season Lower Tunguska contains little water as its basin lies in the region of permafrost and it has no subterranean water sources. However, due to the presence of permafrost, use of asphalt is not practical, and therefore the roads are made of clay. Show More Sentences In small fishing settlements, fish are sometimes stored in caves carved from permafrost. By drift mining, miners were able to recover much of the gold buried under the permafrost. Miners initially sank shafts to prospect for the pay streaks by building a fire atop the permafrost, then as it melted, shoveling away the mud. In addition, permafrost in the soil can prevent trees from getting their roots deep enough for the necessary structural support. In addition, permafrost has a major impact on the ability of trees to place roots into the ground. The gravel will keep the steel pipe from sinking, even if underlying permafrost melts, Repp said. In nearly all of the warm periods, speleothem layers grew in areas that today have partial permafrost cover, the researchers found. Frost heaves, permafrost, thaw settlement, steep terrain, and fish and wildlife would be among the considerations in deciding summer and winter work. A MELTING permafrost peat bog stretching the size of France and Germany threatens to unleash vast amounts of powerful greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, scientists warned. In joint research with Canada, Japan succeeded in producing such gas from permafrost soil in northern Canada between 2007 and 2008 with the depressurization method. The melting of the permafrost and the release of methane hydrate is perhaps the biggest single calamity that mankind faces and it's all down to human-induced global warming. Gold at Nome was concentrated in three ancient beach lines, now inshore, above sea level, and buried under roughly fifty feet of permafrost overlain by two feet of tundra. Siberia, in particular Yakutia, is of paleontological significance, as it contains bodies of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch, preserved in ice or permafrost. Thawing of permafrost would affect the bears who traditionally den underground, and warm winters could result in den roofs collapsing or having reduced insulative value. Summer warmth is insufficient to thaw more than a few surface feet, so permafrost prevails under most areas not near the southern boundary of this climate zone. The region is of paleontological significance, as it contains bodies of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch, preserved in ice or permafrost. Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Much of the Canadian Arctic is covered by ice and permafrost. This alone would however not have been enough to create a widespread glaciation or permafrost in the Drakensberg Mountains or the Lesotho Highlands. Alpine tundra is distinguished from arctic tundra in that alpine tundra typically does not have permafrost, and alpine soils are generally better drained than arctic soils. Show More Sentences In addition, a zone of permafrost stretched southward from the edge of the glacial sheet, a few hundred kilometres in North America, and several hundred in Eurasia. For example, these so-called thermosyphons are in use in the Alaskan oil pipeline, in order to keep the heat from the pipes from melting the permafrost. Cory and her team studied 27 melting permafrost sites in Alaska and identified seven thermokarst failures, large patches of the Arctic tundra that have melted. Examples from Classical Literature It could, in fact, be a green and pleasant world, with vast forests unfelled, permafrost unmelted, coastal waters clean and clear and not a Styrofoam container in sight. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with permafrost What is the plural of permafrost? What is the noun for permafrost? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words permaculture permaban Perm perm perlocutionary perlocution permalink permalinks permalloy permanence permanency permanent 10-letter Words Starting With p pe per perm perma permaf permafr permafro permafros