Many amino acid and peptide hormones are elaborated by neural tissue, with ultimate impact on the entire system. |
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These proteins fulfill their function as long as they bind their dissociable ligand, the peptide. |
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That is, the protein releases a number of protons when binding the positively charged peptide. |
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At lower concentrations, the peptide altered the morphology of the bilayer in a way consistent with the formation of a toroidal pore. |
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An acetyl group was attached to residue 22 to mimic the preceding peptide bond and the C-terminal carboxylate was protonated. |
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Among the amino acids of the peptide, the most dramatic change was the Phe residue. |
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The peptide contains complementary amino acid sequences, with alternating positive and negative charges. |
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The peptide penetratin has recently been shown to translocate across neural cell membranes without damaging them, even when coupled to drugs. |
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The cyclic c-AMPB and bicyclic bc-AMPB molecules finally allow the discussion of peptide motion under the action of different constraints. |
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Another population analysis describes the void that is formed by the peptide in the lipid bilayer. |
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The technique gives results similar to other techniques used to study binding of peptide to membrane. |
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Thus, the change in conformation was caused by binding of the peptide to the Teflon surface. |
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The 5 mismatched residues are probably due to errors in peptide sequencing since they are located towards the end of the sequences. |
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The derived molecular weights were consistent with dimeric or trimeric peptide. |
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The use of optical biosensors to monitor the nonspecific adsorption of a soluble protein or peptide to a synthetic surface has been reviewed. |
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During tissue regeneration, cells release enzymes that degrade natural biomaterials at specific peptide sequences. |
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By incorporating specific peptide motifs into these hydrogels it is possible to create optimal chemical environments for axonal regeneration. |
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Apparently the monocyclic geometry leads to stronger interactions between peptide and chromophore extending also to longer times. |
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It preferentially hydrolyzes peptide bonds involving tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. |
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After ultracentrifugation, the free peptide concentration was determined fluorometrically. |
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The biochemical degradation of proteins through hydrolysis of peptide bonds is caused by the action of proteolytic enzymes or proteases. |
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In general, in full hydration, the peptide organization in each lipid bilayer is uncorrelated to the neighboring bilayers. |
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Several articles have suggested that some peptide secondary structures are fusogenic and some are not. |
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In the initial phase of these titrations the peptide was much in excess over the added glycosaminoglycan. |
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At this stage, the fusion peptides are displaced from their original position, with one fusion peptide moving toward the viral membrane. |
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There was no tumoral expression for serotonin, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, vasointestinal peptide, or pancreatic polypeptide. |
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Furthermore the constructed peptide is completely encompassed within the cutoff radius. |
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Although C-type natriuretic peptide lacks natriuretic action, it has marked vasodilatory and growth-inhibiting properties. |
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Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide significantly decreased RV systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure. |
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Significant falls occurred in plasma brain natriuretic peptide and urinary metadrenaline excretion. |
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The longer the peptide, the less important is the effect of the helical dipole. |
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This second chamber contains an osmotically matched buffer and the test peptide in solution. |
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Above this peptide concentration, surface pressures are effectively constant. |
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By comparison, the tetra-amine spermine only binds weakly to peptide carboxylate groups, and not to the a-helical conformation. |
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So Entremed is finally giving up on its celebrated peptide drug candidates, angiostatin and endostatin. |
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Proleases are enzymes that have the capacity to hydrolyze peptide bonds and degrade other proteins. |
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If tilt is assumed to be the sole cause, the C-terminal helix of the peptide would need to be at a 300 angle with respect to the bilayer normal. |
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Depending upon the site of transcription, the calcitonin gene yields an RNA that synthesizes calcitonin or calcitonin-gene related peptide. |
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Procalcitonin, the precursor molecule of calcitonin, is a 116-amino acid peptide that is devoid of known hormonal activity. |
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Finally, the efficacy of some peptide drugs and hormones can be substantially enhanced by acylation. |
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When the synthetic peptide was used as the antigen, a monoclonal antibody was obtained. |
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It has been proposed that the fusion peptide is obliquely inserted into the target membrane as a flexible monomer in an helical conformation. |
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Furthermore, this peptide does not need a carrier system, is stable in gastric juice, and can be given intraperitonealy without side effects. |
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The peptide was frozen in place while the lipids and water were briefly allowed to relax around it. |
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Soluble peptide oligomerization is considered within the context of previous studies from our and other research groups. |
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The question arises whether the theoretical concept can be extended to analyze oligopeptides with more than two peptide groups. |
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His laboratory was the first to emphasize the importance of precipitins to various peptide and polysaccharide antigens of Aspergillus fimigatus. |
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This peptide is released by ventricular myocytes when heart failure causes increased wall stretch. |
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The cecropia moth, for example, produces a peptide that attacks many kinds of bacteria. |
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Basal serum C peptide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay after an overnight fast. |
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Many of the hydrating water molecules on the peptide need to be released due to a restricted space for hydration by the nearby lipid molecules. |
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This effect appears to be induced by the shear which occurs as the peptide solution is forced through the Pasteur pipette into the cell. |
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All of these enzymes recognize specific four-residue sequences and cleave peptide bonds located strictly after an Asp group. |
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The only function for renin is to cleave a 10-amino acid peptide from the N-terminal end of angiotensinogen. |
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Topical drug penetration, for example in the use of a cell penetrable peptide approach to enhance penetration of therapeutic compounds into skin. |
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This time is the time elapsed before any perceptible change in tension can be measured after peptide exposure. |
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Most of these proteins which contain peptide repeats are also immunogenic and the host produces significant amount of antibodies against these. |
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Hence, the compatibility of the peptide sequence with the space in the binding groove has an important role in molecular recognition. |
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Following cleavage of the 24 amino acid signal peptide the protein folds into proinsulin. |
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Pores in membranes can be induced by cytotoxic peptide antibiotics and by peptide fragments of viral glycoproteins. |
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This shift indicates a significant change in the peptide conformation due to the nature of the adsorbent surfaces. |
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The cross-linking studies reveal an absence of higher soluble molecular weight peptide-peptide associations for the S22W peptide. |
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They found a peptide in urine from autistics that increased platelet content of serotonin, which is also a common finding in autism. |
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Precipitation of a peptide in the top agar with subsequent release of amino acids can also lead to confounding results. |
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This is also consistent with our result that the peptide no longer has axial rotation about the bilayer normal. |
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The peptide we have chosen for our study is sandostatin, a cyclic analog of the peptide hormone somatostatin. |
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Upon measuring the absorbance of a labeled peptide at a given angle of incidence, two different dichroic ratios were obtained. |
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In water, however, the helical structure is retained only in the termini of the peptide, and is completely lost in its center. |
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The lipid membrane environment influences the conformational space explored by the peptide. |
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The insertion of the fusion peptide in the host membrane provides the necessary link between the viral envelope and the cell membrane. |
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Within a few years, researchers had isolated two classes of peptide molecules, the enkephalins and the endorphins. |
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On the other hand, the weak site has a quadrangular pyramidal structure with three peptide carbonyl groups and two water molecules. |
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It is the valence of the lipid, not the membrane-bound peptide, that is the more important factor for lateral electrostatic sequestration. |
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 is a peptide structurally related to proinsulin and has a primary role in promoting skeletal muscle differentiation and growth. |
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Insulin is synthesized as a precursor, preproinsulin, and after removal of the signal peptide, proinsulin folds to form the correct tertiary structure. |
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The peptide subfamily of GPCR contains receptors that bind a disparate array of peptides, such as angiotensin, bradykinin, opioid, somatostatin, and chemokines. |
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In reality, the deformation is probably smaller in magnitude, due to stabilizing interactions between the polar termini of the peptide and the polar lipid headgroups. |
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This peptide collects in the brain of Alzheimer's patients and forms protein deposits which can damage and even destroy the sensitive nerve cells. |
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Genome-wide surveys for simple sequences have shown that these low-complexity sequences are the most commonly shared peptide fragments in eukaryotic proteomes. |
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For the mixed monolayers, peptide and lipid were premixed in the desired proportions from their respective pure solution, and then directly spread on the surface. |
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Stains for glucagon, gastrin-releasing peptide, and gastrin were negative. |
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It reduces experimental uncertainties, averages out random error, and assures that OBPC is isomorphous with DOPC in the presence and absence of the peptide. |
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To decrease the possibility of abnormal peptide production from foods, protein digestion can be improved by supplementing with digestive enzymes and betaine hydrochloride. |
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The effect of thymic peptide on the functions of tissue macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-induced apoptosis of thymocytes was studied. |
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In order to start the clinical phases for the HIV fusion inhibitors compounds, the company requires a technological partner with expertise in galenic peptide. |
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He has devoted his life to replicating that peptide and when he puts it back in the patient, their cancer goes away. |
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Better prognosis has been documented in patients with CHF being treated with diuretics and vasodilators when the b-type natriuretic peptide level decreases. |
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In one specific example, mating in yeast, cell-cell communication is mediated by secreted peptide pheromones that stimulate physiological responses leading to mating. |
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Measuring plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide has been advocated as a screening test that might reduce demands on cardiological services. |
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If there are only two amino acids then the peptide is a dipeptide. |
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Studies of peptide aqueous oligomerization can address this question. |
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Besides the long-range interactions it makes with neighboring protease residues, the binding affinity of a peptide also depends on its own conformation. |
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Serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine and other neurohormones are elevated in patients with heart failure. |
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Here we report on the opsonic potential of the resulting sera and the level of protection induced by this peptide in comparison to a pepsin extract of the M protein. |
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One peptide was designed to maximize helicity and the other, having the same composition but a different sequence, was designed to minimize helical formation. |
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Vasopressin is an endogenous peptide hormone secreted by the neurohypophysis in response to an increase in serum osmolality or a decrease in plasma volume. |
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Ampb peptides are a new class of molecules where the photoisomerizable dye azobenzene is linked to the peptide moiety via a flexible methylene spacer. |
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The interconversion of the bifunctional enzyme is catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which in turn is regulated by circulating peptide hormones. |
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When sensory nerve cells are activated, calcium levels inside these cells rise and the neuropeptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide are released. |
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These minerals can be supplemented in the diet as inorganic oxides, sulfates, or organic chelates with the mineral bound to an amino acid or peptide complex. |
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From the water behavior we could determine five different concentration domains that are related to the supramolecular structures formed by the peptide in solution. |
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Third, specific interactions between the polar headgroups and chemical groups of the backbone and side chains of the peptide are missing from the model. |
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Although the discussion above has been limited to the side chains, the peptide backbone also forms hydrogen bonds with the DPPC acceptor headgroups. |
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The drugs in the latter complexes are covalently connected by a peptide linker, whereas those associated with the oligonucleotide duplexes are chemically independent species. |
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All the peptide sites have a mass of 160 atomic units and are uncharged. |
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Isolation from a coleopteran insect of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide and of new members of the insect defension family. |
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DeBin et al. purified a 4.1 kDa basic peptide from scorpion venom with sequence similarity to small insectotoxins. |
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After an insect attack tomato plants produce systemin, a plant peptide hormone. |
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As a result, studies of uncoded peptide bond formation are founded in using NCAs as substrates for mimicking prebiotic processes. |
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Time-lapse video microscopy showed arrest of fungal growth upon penetration of the rhodaminated peptide into a fungal filament. |
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The shugoshin Sgo1 homodimer and inhibitor toxin microcystin peptide have been omitted for clarity. |
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Kisspeptin, a peptide that activates the kisspeptin receptor, is encoded by the KISS1 gene. |
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Atrial natriuretic peptide frameshift mutation in familial atrial fibrillation. |
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A familial mutation renders atrial natriuretic peptide resistant to proteolytic degradation. |
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Localisation of brain and atrial natriuretic peptide in human and porcine heart. |
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Atrial stretch induces rapid increase in brain natriuretic peptide but not in atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in vitro. |
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Another peptide being developed is serilesine, which mimics some effects of a natural component of skin called laminin. |
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Bacteriuria and hematuria had a great effect, even at low concentrations, on the peptide profile. |
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Destruction of cyanobacterial peptide hepatotoxins by chlorine and chloramines. |
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Additional RISH probes under development include alpha-fetoprotein, calcitonin, cytomegalovirus, gastrin, insulin, pancreatic peptide, and more. |
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In theory, the existence of one sheet somehow triggers other peptide stretches to become beta sheets. |
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The Mantoux test is an in vivo delayed hypersensitivity response to purified peptide derivative. |
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The MBD peptide sequence can be genetically incorporated into the DNA sequence of a client's product to develop a unique cell line. |
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The site we are targeting is ideal for Provid's peptide mimetics approach to drug discovery. |
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Use all transitions of a peptide to calculate relative ratios by either the minimal pairs or all-pairs method. |
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Each is active only against the peptide bonds in protein molecules that have carboxyl groups donated by certain amino acids. |
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Proteins come in three dimensions, and their structure is generally imposed by the secondary and tertiary structure of the peptide chain. |
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Atrial natriuretic peptide is a member of the family of natriuretic peptides, and regulates diuresis and natriuresis. |
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The researchers then added NEP to the fluid and found it decreased the negative effect of the inflammatory peptide bradykinin. |
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In other words, 1 peptide fragment is mea sured stoichiometrically per translated propeptide molecule. |
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Activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B and anionic trypsinogen as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. |
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The Sender cell contains the entire agr operon and can thus both secrete and sense AIP, the autoinducing peptide. |
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A model for the mechanism of this system hypothesizes that the peptide is secreted into the supernatant via the ABC-transporter. |
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Some specific topics reported here include mimics of growth factors and cytokines, and peptide aptamers targeting the viral E6 oncoprotein. |
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Facile synthesis of orthogonally protected amino acid building blocks for combinatorial N-backbone cyclic peptide chemistry. |
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Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide produced mainly in the stomach and small intestine. |
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The authors highlight this versatility by targeting the C-terminal fragment peptide to provide a combined measurement of pepsin and pepsinogen. |
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Carbodiimide chemistry research interest focused as a tool to aid nucleotide and peptide synthesis and as permease inhibition. |
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Super-Leu-Dox consists of doxorubicin conjugated to a proprietary prodrug peptide. |
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Isolation and detection of microcystins and nodularins, cyanobacterial peptide hepatotoxins. |
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Phenolics, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in dark germinated fenugreek sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. |
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The peptide part directs the conjugates specifically to LHRH receptor expressing tumor cells, and mediates binding and uptake via endocytosis. |
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They split FbaB into two parts, a larger protein and a smaller protein subunit, termed a peptide. |
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Schally, a world-renowned drug researcher and Nobel laureate who pioneered the field of hypothalamic peptide drugs. |
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Proteins also provide life-sustaining enzymes, immunoproteins, or antibodies and peptide hormones that control many body functions. |
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Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by formyl peptide receptors is regulated by the cytoplasmic tail. |
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Ceramide 2, the messenger peptide, is the intercellular glue that holds living cells together and assists in enabling skin structures to stay intact and healthy. |
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This avoids MS analysis and interpretation of extremely complex peptide mixtures that might otherwise result from degradation by the omnipresent exopeptidases. |
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The Ii protein normally blocks the antigenic peptide binding site of MHC Class II molecules at time of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum of antigen-presenting cells. |
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In addition to glomerular filtration, BNP is eliminated from plasma mainly through natriuretic peptide receptors and degraded by neutral endopeptidases. |
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The IgG anti-HEV assay used in the study was produced with a recombinant peptide of the major HEV structural protein that occurs naturally as a homodimer. |
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When DON binds to polysomes and ribosomes within animal cells, it causes peptide chains to be interrupted due to altered initiation and termination sequences. |
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The selectAZymeTM service complements Almac's speciality capabilities, including radiolabelling, polymorph and solid form optimisation, and peptide and protein synthesis. |
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Rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus directly from blood cultures by fluorescence in-situ hybridization with peptide nucleic acid probes. |
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Although phosphatases other than CaN are capable of dephosphorylating the peptide, special conditions have been developed to inhibit these phosphatases. |
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Gastrin is a peptide hormone, synthesized and released from stomach. |
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The peptide repertoires of HLA-B27 subtypes differentially associated to spondyloarthropathy differ by specific changes at three anchor positions. |
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They also found that thymosin beta-4, a peptide naturally produced by the body, could reawaken and mobilise these stem cells to repair heart damage. |
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Prolyl 4-hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase are known also to catalyze an uncoupled decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate in the absence of the peptide substrate. |
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Our results show for the first time that a nucleus deep in the middle of the brain generates a small protein product, or peptide, that acts just like benzodiazepines. |
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The technology genetically ligates an external amino acid domain to a therapeutic protein or peptide candidate that results in additional N-linked glycosylation. |
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The data emerging from the Phase II clinical trials of our lead products, Auriculin atrial natriuretic peptide, fibroblast growth factor and insulinotropin are encouraging. |
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The peptide kits can be radiolabeled by adding commercially available 18F in saline, heating briefly and then rapidly purified with an inexpensive disposable cartridge. |
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The study involves testing the effectiveness of an anti-microbial peptide to reduce streptococcus mutans, the cause of tooth decay, in elderly control and study groups. |
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It interacts with an allosteric site just outside the antigenic peptide-binding site on MHC class II molecules in a manner to loosen antigenic peptide binding in that site. |
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Operating the purifications with ammonium acetate provided the additional benefit of a volatile salt and left the peptide in the desirable acetate form. |
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Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that binds to growth hormone receptors and is primarily secreted by the acidophil cells in the gastric fundic mucosa. |
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The simplest of such compounds is rubredoxin, which has only one iron atom coordinated to four sulfur atoms from cysteine residues in the surrounding peptide chains. |
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Carboxypeptidase cleaves peptide linkages during digestion of proteins. |
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Based on these observations, a novel recombinant gliadin-analogous fusion peptide, consisting of two nonapeptide components expressed in trimeric form, was created. |
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This peptide stimulates feeding through neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and orexigenic peptides co-localized in neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. |
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