| Previously, there has been disagreement over the direction of obduction of the ophiolite and the vergence of structures. |
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| Late Cretaceous obduction of ophiolite complexes onto the Indian shield has also been reported from Pakistan. |
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| However, even in the absence of tectonic boundary loads, ophiolitc obduction imposes significant stresses on the flexed plate. |
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| After obduction, there was a slow rate of subsidence, which reflects the continuing cooling of the underlying Indian lithosphere after rifting. |
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| During the Cretaceous, however, an ocean basin existed in this area, either as a remnant ocean that had escaped Jurassic obduction or as a small Cretaceous pull-apart basin. |
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| Here the Papua New Guinea continental crust appears to be underthrusting the adjacent marginal basin and obduction of the ophiolite is occurring in an uphill direction. |
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| However, this age could equally relate to post obduction metamorphism. |
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| Ongoing accretion at a subduction zone, and the obduction of intact ophiolite slabs, are not considered to be collision. |
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