| The risks are theoretical, based on nulliparity and reduced hormonal contraceptive use. |
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| After correction for the differences in BMI and nulliparity, the difference in AP and AIx-75 remained non-significant. |
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| Other established risk factors include obesity, nulliparity and late age for first full-term pregnancy. |
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| Attention should be paid to subjects of nulliparity and grand multiparity for their different problems. |
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| Compared with low multiparity, mothers and babies of nulliparity and grand multipara are at higher risk. |
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| In multivariate regression analysis, nulliparity and epidural analgesia were the strongest risk factors for a prolonged second stage. |
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| Bacterial vaginosis and black race were associated with higher values, whereas nulliparity was associated with lower values. |
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| Forceps-assisted delivery, nulliparity and high birthweight were significant risk factors in all three regions. |
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| Examples of these are obesity, nulliparity and never having breastfed, having a first pregnancy after the age of 37 years and excessive alcohol intake. |
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