In the past several of the Himyarite monarchs converted to Judaism though apparently their descendants had tended to revert to paganism. |
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The monarchs of Ayutthaya found it expedient to enter into a tributary relationship with the Chinese emperors. |
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Apart from the reign of William III, consorts of monarchs have had no constitutional significance whatsoever. |
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White, blue, purple, and scarlet were the colors of the gods, priests, profligates, saints and monarchs, either in combination or singularly. |
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Some butterflies they attract are spicebush swallowtails, monarchs, fritillaries, whites, skippers, and a host of others. |
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It has immemorially in Europe been the business of monarchs and their servants, and history has largely been the narrative of their doings. |
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As first the great seal and then the privy seal were regarded by monarchs as too public, the keeper of the signet rose in importance. |
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Further studies suggest that some monarchs and some viceroys are palatable, while others are not. |
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It is the only Hindu state in the world, ruled over by monarchs who fancy themselves as reincarnations of the Hindu god Vishnu. |
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In practice many monarchs tried to eliminate duelling, which was disruptive, particularly at court or in the armed forces. |
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We have to disentomb the remains of the Thebes and the Ninevehs to get at the history of their ancient monarchs. |
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Manuscript illumination flourished under the patronage of the dukes of Burgundy, kings of England, Portuguese monarchs, and Hapsburg rulers. |
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This should not be too surprising as emperors and monarchs had been famous in history for their love of flowers and gardens. |
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When the Queen first began her reign, monarchs were expected to be somewhat detached, grand and distant figures, especially the British monarch. |
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Moreover, by papal decree, the monarchs of Spain and Portugal were commanded to wage a holy war to support this missionary endeavour. |
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He served as a principal secretary to four successive Tudor monarchs, from Henry VIII to the early reign of Queen Elizabeth. |
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This is why monarchs played footsie with pirates in Elizabethan times and no doubt have been doing so ever since. |
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Many people think that monarchs spin their cocoon but they in fact just shed their skin to form the chrysalis. |
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A moated palace was built at Eltham which became a favourite home of Plantagenet monarchs during the 14th and 15th centuries. |
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Charles and Victoria went on to have one daughter, three granddaughters and nine great-grandchildren, through the reign of four monarchs. |
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Studies have shown that when the monarchs lay their eggs on pale or black swallow-wort, the larvae die within three days. |
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We have to remember that territorial states in early modern Europe were governed by absolute monarchs who regarded the state as their property. |
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One reason why absolute monarchs in Europe in the seventeenth century required large standing armies was to defend their extensive borders. |
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Nevertheless, even absolute monarchs or totalitarian dictators are constrained by forces beyond their control. |
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The English and French monarchs were kings and queens of the land and not the people. |
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However, Elizabeth, James and Henry formed a triumvirate of monarchs, to which Essex, as her creature, could not aspire. |
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But after the ignominious recapture of a king who appeared bent on internationalizing his plight, other monarchs were alarmed. |
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First, keep in mind that news anchors, like other constitutional monarchs, are primarily figureheads. |
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Scottish monarchs rode through the town in glittering cavalcades, and turbulent priests rubbed shoulders with noblemen in furs. |
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These ballets were often elaborate spectacles, intended to display the status of the nobility or monarchs who had commissioned them. |
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The first indigenous Scottish coins were minted in 1135 during the reign of David I, with successive Scottish monarchs introducing new features. |
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And I can see monarchs, painted ladies, tiger swallowtails, and listen to the songbirds. |
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But now the die is cast, and said brutal dictators and corrupt monarchs no longer have the ability to stop the future. |
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Despite the fact that they controlled only a small area of southern Egypt, the Thebans clearly viewed themselves as monarchs. |
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They were territorial states governed by absolutist monarchs engaged in a struggle for security and survival. |
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Gulf fritillaries, buckeyes, and monarchs travel through the greenway on their annual trip to their winter grounds in Mexico. |
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Many times, historical fiction does the best job of leading the mind's eye back to past monarchs. |
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There have been great saints and mahatmas in the past, who replied thus even to emperors and monarchs. |
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Successive monarchs including the current Elizabeth II have minted gold coins, which also came to be known as sovereigns. |
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He is no longer one of that select group of monarchs in whom the reading or viewing public is thought to be interested. |
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He is one of Scotland's most revered monarchs yet his body was mutilated and his head used as a football by the English foe. |
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Historically, liberalism drew its strength from a critique of divinely sanctioned absolute monarchs and authoritarian rule. |
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The ornamented gatehouse, garden, and royal tennis court further enhanced this favourite seat of the Scottish monarchs. |
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Born on Christmas Day, 1901, Alice, the dowager Duchess of Gloucester, lived to see 20 prime ministers and five monarchs. |
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With all the hoo-ha about next week's regal festivities, the Diary receives a timely reminder that even monarchs go in and out of fashion. |
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Its clauses and terms peppered the letters patent with which English monarchs empowered their colonial agents. |
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Although the Angevin monarchs no longer had most of their Angevin lands, their grand dynastic visions had not diminished. |
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He tried very hard to rescind the expulsion order, at one point offering the monarchs 300,000 ducats for a reprieve. |
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With three consanguineous marriages of monarchs in only five generations, it could be said that the royal blood was running a bit thin in Britain. |
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On that blood-soaked continent, the reigning monarchs and other despotic rulers thought up an ingenious system to perpetuate their oppressive systems of government. |
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Sooner or later, even the most absolute monarchs or dictators would feel the need to confirm their right to power with a show of popular endorsement. |
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After Queen Anne's death and the discontinuation of the Royal Touch by the Hanoverian monarchs in Britain, the practice continued in earnest in France. |
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Indeed, just a glance at Europe reveals that in many places not only monarchs, clergy, and nobles but also commoners had obtained land and a lifestyle to go with it. |
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Attacking ISIS is only part of the game, and the monarchs flying with the U.S. have their own agendas. |
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The King and Queen of Holland became monarchs after Willem-Alexander's mother, Queen Beatrix, abdicated in April last year. |
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Furnish your garden with nectar-rich flowering plants, and monarchs, swallowtails, and other winged visitors will drop by regularly, bringing beauty and motion with them. |
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Numerous monarchs and other royals are buried there as well. |
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However, such delusions of grandeur are not confined to crackpot monarchs. |
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Through revealing portraits of the five monarchs, the programme retraces recent political history and provides a unique insight into this complex tribal nation. |
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Founded by William the Conqueror, the fine motte and bailey castle was popular with medieval monarchs, some of whom used it as a royal hunting lodge. |
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And we pay these modern-day monarchs to reign over and rule us. |
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If a Queen did cheat, her crimes fade into insignificance compared to the extensive philandering engaged in by medieval monarchs. |
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Saudi Arabia and the conservative Arab monarchs have signalled their willingness to divert part of their sovereign wealth funds to shore up Pakistan. |
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He had, as Weisbrode points out, a great reverence for the institution of monarchy, but a spotty record with monarchs. |
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As in the Democracy, the coming of equality and the death of his own class exist as providential forces, of which monarchs are both the witting and unwitting agents. |
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Moreover, American distrust of government has long fed on the abuses of state power abroad, whether by despotic monarchs, fascist dictators or communist tyrants. |
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The oaks were supposedly the remnants of a primeval forest, site of Druidic rites, home to Gallic tribes, and emblems of justice-dispensing monarchs like Saint Louis. |
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In the decades since World War II, as military leaders and monarchs smothered democratic life, the security agencies have become a law unto themselves. |
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Mixed or unmixed fabric, stitched or unstitched, embroidered or unembroidered, and draped or fitted adorned the bodies of monarchs, priests, rebels, and commoners. |
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And, in the aftermath, those thousands of monarchs passed through, their colors even brighter against the smoke and ash. |
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The Hasmonean monarchs who got themselves disliked by the Pharisees must therefore be villains. |
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I believe they were mostly Harris's checkerspots and wood nymphs, or the like, but there were also the occasional monarchs, swallowtails, and mourning cloaks. |
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The monarchs left it to the royal treasurer to shift funds among various royal accounts on behalf of the enterprise. |
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The terms were unusually generous but, as his son later wrote, the monarchs were not confident of his return. |
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After Isabella's victory in the civil war and Ferdinand's ascension to the Aragonese throne the two crowns were united under the same monarchs. |
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The monarchs needed to assert their authority over the nobility and the clergy. |
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Finally in 1492, the monarchs decided that those who would not convert would be expelled. |
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On 2 January 1492 the monarchs entered Granada's Alhambra marking the completion and end of the Reconquista. |
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The Chinese, Japanese and Nepalese monarchs continued to be considered living Gods into the modern period. |
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The era of the French Revolution and the subsequent Napoleonic wars was a difficult time for monarchs. |
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The bestowal of noble and aristocratic titles was widespread across the empire even after its fall by independent monarchs. |
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Though often characterized as a federation of monarchs, the German Empire, strictly speaking, federated a group of 26 states. |
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Ferdinand and Isabella were noted for being the monarchs of the newly united Spain at the dawn of the modern era. |
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The Pennon was used exclusively by the monarchs of the Crown and was expressive of their sovereignty. |
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He was specifically looking for spices to put in wine, and was not alone among European monarchs at the time to have such a desire for spice. |
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Like other monarchs of the time, he had several illegitimate children as well. |
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Nevertheless, he was admired as one of the greatest European monarchs of his time. |
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Columbus was still in Lisbon when he sent a report of his success to the Spanish monarchs. |
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The Spanish monarchs recruited soldiers from many European countries and improved their artillery with the latest and best cannons. |
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He returned the next year and presented his findings to the monarchs, bringing natives and gold under a hero's welcome. |
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Seville has been given titles by Spanish monarchs and heads of state throughout its history. |
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In 1494 de la Cosa received compensation from the Spanish monarchs for the sinking of his ship on his first voyage. |
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The monarchs of England and France had been requested to accept sovereignty, but had refused. |
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Meanwhile, Philip had his eye on uniting the entire Iberian peninsula under his rule, a traditional objective of Spanish monarchs. |
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The Jesuits became preachers, confessors to monarchs and princes, and humanist educators. |
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The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469, when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. |
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A royal palace was built within the castle for King Henry I and was subsequently used by Plantagenet monarchs. |
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The Parliament or Estates of Scotland took similar action, and William and Mary were declared monarchs of all three realms. |
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Unlike most other constitutional monarchs, the Emperor of Japan has no reserve powers. |
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It was thought that the introduction of the printing medium 'would strengthen religion and enhance the power of monarchs. |
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Although the Danish Constitution was not amended at that time, Danish monarchs have stayed out of politics since then. |
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The colonial governors in Jesselton and Kuching, once monarchs of all they surveyed, are relegated to a subsidiary and unenviable role. |
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In any case, it is usual to count only the monarchs or heads of the family, and to number them sequentially up to the end of the dynasty. |
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The monarchs of Spain and the UK have a common ancestor namely Queen Victoria. |
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After James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne in 1603, Sweyn's descendants became monarchs of England again. |
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There is a long tradition of monarchs having their own figure incused in their kingdom's coins. |
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Charles' character eventually alienated both the French and English monarchs, because he readily switched sides whenever it suited his interest. |
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By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. |
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The power of Tudor monarchs, including Henry, was 'whole' and 'entire', ruling, as they claimed, by the grace of God alone. |
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Tudor monarchs had to fund all the expenses of government out of their own income. |
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Such an environment was especially intimidating to monarchs who derived much of their power from the disparity between classes of people. |
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The French people expressed no respect for the dictates of foreign monarchs, and the threat of force merely hastened their militarisation. |
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First, the king did not accept the limitations on his powers, and mobilised support from foreign monarchs to reverse it. |
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Egypt and Libya gained independence as monarchies, but both countries' monarchs were later deposed, and they became republics. |
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Hundreds of princely states, states ruled by monarchs in treaty of subsidiary alliance with Britain, were integrated into India and Pakistan. |
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Since that time, except for King Edward III, the eldest sons of all English monarchs have borne this title. |
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It has since been retroactively applied to English monarchs from Henry II onward. |
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While not officially monarchs, the holder of the office of Lord was passed from Oliver Cromwell to his son Richard. |
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If monarchs were going to impose their will on their kingdom, they would have to control parliament rather than be subservient to it. |
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When weak monarchs governed, parliament often became the centre of opposition against them. |
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It was during the reign of the Tudor monarchs that the modern structure of the English Parliament began to be created. |
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Thus they consolidated the state of affairs whereby monarchs would call and close parliament as and when they needed it. |
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From the twelfth century to the nineteenth, coronation banquets honouring new monarchs were held here. |
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The reigns of most of the Angevin monarchs were marred by civil strife and conflicts between the monarch and the nobility. |
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Henry II faced rebellions from his own sons, the future monarchs Richard I and John. |
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From 942 to 1005, seven consecutive monarchs were either murdered or killed in battle. |
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I can imagine the man... prepared to oppress rival firms, overthrow inconvenient monarchs, and let loose the dogs of war. |
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Over the years, Portsmouth's fortifications were rebuilt and improved by successive monarchs. |
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He adopted many behaviors of Eastern monarchs, like wearing pearls and golden sandals and robes. |
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With dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations, independent Pakistan had two British monarchs before it became a republic. |
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Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have been held in Westminster Abbey. |
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Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle. |
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As a result, the pope was often called upon to intervene in quarrels, affirm monarchs, and decide jurisdictions. |
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Windsor Castle continued to be favoured by monarchs in the 15th century, despite England beginning to slip into increasing political violence. |
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With over a thousand years of monarchic history, Spain has many palaces of its own that were built for different monarchs or nobles. |
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In 1215, after the loss of Normandy, King John signed the Magna Carta into law, which limited the power of English monarchs. |
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Since a period of time has often passed between accession and coronation, some monarchs were never crowned. |
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The later Sasanian Empire is also well represented by ornate silver plates and cups, many representing ruling monarchs hunting lions and deer. |
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These were joined in 1757 by the Royal Library, assembled by various British monarchs. |
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Statutes forbidding it and other sports were enacted in the reigns of Edward III, Richard II and other monarchs. |
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For the first time, reigning monarchs not only swore their support to the Crusades but endeavoured to take part in them. |
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The arms of Ireland originate as the arms of the monarchs of Ireland and was recorded as the arms of the King of Ireland in the 12th century. |
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Elizabeth was succeeded by the first Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, who did not permit privateering. |
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In ancient Mesopotamia, many rulers of Assyria, Babylonia and Sumer were absolute monarchs as well. |
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There is a considerable variety of opinion by historians on the extent of absolutism among European monarchs. |
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The monarchs seem mostly to have done so capriciously, often with little regard for the merits of the place they were enfranchising. |
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Of the 70 English boroughs that Tudor monarchs enfranchised, 31 were later disenfranchised. |
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The domination of the Sovereign continued to grow during the reigns of the Tudor monarchs in the 16th century. |
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The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. |
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In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs. |
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Charles II restored the Royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small group of advisers. |
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In practice, the shoguns' power was so complete that they are usually considered de facto monarchs rather than viceroys or corulers. |
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During the Early Modern era, European monarchs would often default on their loans or arbitrarily refuse to pay them back. |
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In the Middle Ages it was an important royal centre, used as a royal residence and as the coronation site of the kingdom's monarchs. |
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Scottish monarchs made repeated efforts to introduce bishops and two ecclesiastical traditions competed. |
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Through the seclusion era, Japanese goods remained a sought after luxury by European monarchs. |
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Porcelain was used to decorate the homes of monarchs in the Baroque and Rococo style. |
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However, both during and after Somerled's life the Scottish monarchs sought to take a control of the islands he and his descendants held. |
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In the past couple of centuries, European monarchs without an official ordinal have been rarities. |
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Ordinals for monarchs before the 13th century are anachronisms, as are also ordinals for almost all later medieval monarchs. |
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Still, they are often used, because they are a practical way of distinguishing between different historical monarchs who had the same name. |
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Other monarchies assign ordinals to monarchs even if they are the only ones of their name. |
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While reigning monarchs use ordinals, ordinals are not used for royal female consorts. |
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Upon the accession of the Tudor monarchs, who were themselves of Welsh descent, a Welsh Dragon was used as a supporter on the Royal Arms. |
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The Crown of Scotland is the crown that was used at the coronation of the monarchs of Scotland. |
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Stirling was first declared a royal burgh by King David in the 12th century, with later charters reaffirmed by subsequent monarchs. |
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He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. |
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The list of boroughs which had the right to elect a member grew slowly over the centuries as monarchs granted charters to more English towns. |
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The Ziyadid monarchs lost effective power after 989, or even earlier than that. |
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Members of the Bonaparte family were appointed as monarchs in some of the newly established kingdoms. |
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Soon the new monarch showed his ambition to conquer Lotharingia, the main objective of all the monarchs of West Francia since Charles the Bald. |
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The conflict between the French monarchs and the Angevin kings of England continued through the 13th century. |
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The agreement resulted in the fact that the English kings had to pay homage liege to the French monarchs for territories on the continent. |
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They pronounced the idea impractical, and advised the monarchs not to support the proposed venture. |
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The monarchs gather there in dense, overlapping aggregations, covering Oyamel fir trees and vegetation throughout the winter and into the spring. |
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Like monarchs, Baltimore cheekerspots ingest chemicals from their host plant that make the butterflies toxic and bitter tasting. |
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In the Middle Ages, popes struggled with monarchs over power. |
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In 1492 the Spanish monarchs funded Christopher Columbus's expedition to sail west to reach the Indies by crossing the Atlantic, which resulted in the Discovery of America. |
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The text in the printed Spanish and Latin editions is much cleaner and streamlined than the roaming prose of Columbus's letter to the monarchs found in the Libro Copiador. |
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The bull gave the monarchs exclusive authority to name the inquisitors. |
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The leaders of the Enlightenment were not especially democratic, as they more often look to absolute monarchs as the key to imposing reforms designed by the intellectuals. |
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Other monarchs, such as the former Shah of Iran, have been required to undergo a parliamentary vote of approval before being allowed to ascend to the throne. |
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By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,145 years, and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls. |
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The Etruscan civilization reached its peak about the 7th century BC, but by 509 BC, when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan monarchs, its control in Italy was on the wane. |
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Contemporary Nigeria has a class of traditional notables whose titles are tied to those of its reigning monarchs, the Nigerian traditional rulers. |
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Most states only have a single person acting as monarch at any given time, although two monarchs have ruled simultaneously in some countries, a situation known as diarchy. |
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Most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family, the centre of the royal household and court. |
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He received a Royal Warrant and became the official supplier of fishing tackle to three successive monarchs starting with King George IV over this period. |
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As so often in other matters, Sparta was a notable exception to the rest of Greece, ruled through the whole period by not one, but two hereditary monarchs. |
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What Spain and Portugal would call piracy was often sponsored by, even if only at times marginally, monarchs such as Elizabeth I and Edward VI of England. |
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He gave the monarchs a few of the gold nuggets, gold jewelry, and pearls, as well as the previously unknown tobacco plant, the pineapple fruit, the turkey, and the hammock. |
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The monarchs forced the citizens of Palos to contribute to the expedition. |
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During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a royal court, which consisted of magnates, clergy and officers of the Crown. |
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In fact, the conflict between Salic law and English law was a justification for many overlapping claims between the French and English monarchs over the French Throne. |
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He appointed four commissioners to research uses In order to govern more effectively, it was desirable for monarchs and their administrations to have a written code. |
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John levied scutage payments eleven times in his seventeen years as king, as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs. |
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However, no subsequent Scottish monarchs were crowned with the crown. |
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His successors, the joint monarchs William III and Mary II, did not make any further appointments to the Order, which consequently fell into desuetude. |
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Beginning in 1603, when England and Scotland began to share a monarch but were still legally separate realms, their monarchs were numbered separately. |
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As a rule of thumb, medieval European monarchs did not use ordinals at their own time, and those who used were rarities and even their use was sporadic. |
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Almost all monarchs and popes after mediaeval times have used ordinals. |
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Practice varies where monarchs go by two or more given names. |
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Bridei was one of the more expansionary and active of Fortrean monarchs. |
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When Mary asked him whether subjects had a right to resist their ruler, he replied that if monarchs exceeded their lawful limits, they might be resisted, even by force. |
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The crownings of the two successive monarchs were only a year apart. |
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The research, published in the journal Nature Communications, shows that monarchs use an internal compass that relies on both ultraviolet light and geomagnetic cues. |
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The status of monarchs is sometimes impugned by accusations of corule when an advisor, family member, lover, or friend appears to have taken too great a hand in government. |
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During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a royal court or curia regis, which consisted of magnates, ecclesiastics and high officials. |
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After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. |
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The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. |
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Wilhelm II wanted to reassert his ruling prerogatives at a time when other monarchs in Europe were being transformed into constitutional figureheads. |
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This set the pattern for four years, as the two monarchs minueted around the vast Commonwealth, never again to face each other personally in battle. |
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Until 1905 the Tsars of Russia governed as absolute monarchs. |
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This king was contemporary with the greatest monarchs of Europe. |
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Many European monarchs, such as those of Russia, claimed supreme autocratic power by divine right, and that their subjects had no rights to limit their power. |
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In ancient and medieval India, rulers of the Maurya, Satahavana, Gupta and Chalukya Empires, as well as other major and minor empires, were considered absolute monarchs. |
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Medieval monarchs were not sovereign, at least not strongly so, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their feudal aristocracy. |
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King Charles I was the most passionate and generous collector of art among the British monarchs, and saw art as a way of promoting his elevated view of the monarchy. |
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Over its 950 years of history Warwick Castle has been owned by 36 different individuals, plus four periods as crown property under seven different monarchs. |
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It is one of the United Kingdom's most notable religious buildings and the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. |
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The Bill of Rights required future monarchs to be Protestants, and provided that, after any children of William and Mary, Mary's sister Anne would inherit the Crown. |
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Parliament had not always submitted to the wishes of the Tudor monarchs. |
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Most lists of the monarchs of Scotland do include her, but a few do not. |
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For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs. |
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In part, however, the apologists of royal authority based their claims on a just assessment of the powers claimed by England and Scotland's medieval monarchs. |
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Thereafter, although monarchs continued to rule over the nation of Scotland, they did so first as monarchs of Great Britain, and from 1801 of the United Kingdom. |
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This arrangement was ratified by successive monarchs, beginning with Charles I in 1519 in a decree that spelt out the juridical status of the new overseas territories. |
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It granted King Henry VIII of England and subsequent monarchs Royal Supremacy, which means that he was declared the supreme head of the Church of England. |
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The House of Tudor produced five monarchs who ruled during this period. |
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In total, five Tudor monarchs ruled their domains for just over a century. |
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From a political point of view, continental issues were given more attention from the monarchs of England than the British ones already under the Normans. |
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It was a dispatch intended specifically to communicate a sense of closure to the Spanish monarchs, to show that England possessed a dynasty fit for an infanta of Spain. |
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By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls. |
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In 43 CE, the Roman Empire invaded southern Britain, making alliances with certain local monarchs and subsuming the Britons under their own political control. |
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Then in 1558 the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne, survived the 1570 bull Regnans in Excelsis, and all but one of the following monarchs were Anglican. |
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It is believed that the vast amounts of wealth were largely stored away in palace treasuries by totalitarian monarchs prior to the British take over. |
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It was decided that future British monarchs would be numbered according to either their English or their Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher. |
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The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the Battle of Culloden, Great Britain's last pitched battle. |
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As monarchs came to the throne, coins featuring the old king or queen were melted down and reminted because of the value of the silver and gold, so not many have survived. |
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The number of peers then grew under the Stuarts and all later monarchs. |
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