| At the same time Wales was divided into counties or shires, some of which were based on and named after the ancient lordships. |
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| Thereafter Wales was divided between the Principality, royal lands, and virtually independent marcher lordships. |
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| Upon the death of Walter de Lacy in 1241 his two granddaughters became heiresses to his lands and lordships in England, the Welsh Marches, and Ireland. |
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| One of the main effects of the Act was to secure the shiring of the Marches, bringing the many marcher lordships within a comprehensive system of counties. |
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| Nevertheless, by the end of the 12th century the Marcher lordships were reduced to the south and south east of the country. |
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| The precise dates and means of formation of the lordships varied, as did their size. |
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| After William of Normandy secured England, he left the Welsh to his Norman barons to carve out lordships for themselves. |
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| Over the next four centuries, Norman lords established mostly small marcher lordships between the Dee and Severn, and further west. |
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| Reading about the impropriety of some of the lordships, the best place for them would be a cesspit. |
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| Flintshire was created out of the lordships of Tegeingl, Hopedale, and Maelor Saesneg. |
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| Both native Welsh and Marcher lordships were fully incorporated into the English Peerage. |
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| By the 16th century, many lordships had passed into the hands of the crown, which governed its lordships through the traditional institutions. |
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| These administered English law, in contrast with the marcher lordships, which had administered Welsh law for their Welsh subjects. |
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| The counties of Pembrokeshire and Glamorgan were created by adding other districts to existing lordships. |
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| Larger lordships could be vast, and it would be impractical for a lord to visit all his properties regularly so deputies were appointed. |
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| The Marcher Lords were progressively tied to the English kings by the grants of lands and lordships in England. |
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| The powers of the marcher lordships were abolished, and their areas formed into new counties, or amalgamated into existing ones. |
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| After the deaths of many of the Marcher lords during the Wars of the Roses, many of the lordships had passed into the hands of the crown. |
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| However, several of the marcher lordships were incorporated in whole or in part into English counties. |
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| Under William III's will, John William Friso stood to inherit the Principality of Orange as well as several lordships in the Netherlands. |
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| These lands were brought under English lordship by Henry II of England, but became Marcher lordships, and so part of Wales. |
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| The remainder would be granted to Edward's supporters as new Marcher lordships. |
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| The modern border between Wales and England was largely defined by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, based on the boundaries of medieval Marcher lordships. |
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| David established large scale feudal lordships in the west of his Cumbrian principality for the leading members of the French military entourage who kept him in power. |
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| Additionally, many smaller scale feudal lordships were created. |
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| William I of England established a series of lordships, allocated to his most powerful warriors along the Welsh border, the boundaries fixed only to the east. |
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| From the towns, from the counties as wholes, and from many of its ancient lordships, the crown was entitled to archaic dues in kind, such as honey. |
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| As the Norman lordships became increasingly Gaelicized and made alliances with native chiefs, whose power steadily increased, crown control slowly eroded. |
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| Over the next four centuries, Norman lords established mostly small lordships, at times numbering over 150, between the Dee and Severn and further west. |
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| Marcher lordships in the Welsh Marches and the successor shires. |
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| This is why other lordships, many of them more powerful, such as those of lords of Galloway, Argyll and Innse Gall, are not, and were not, called mormaerdoms or earldoms. |
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| The lordships were geographically compact and jurisdictionally separate one from another, and their privileges differentiated them from English lordships. |
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| These marcher lordships were present in Brittany, Spain and Bavaria. |
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| Middle Francia was not united, and by the next generation it had disintegrated into smaller lordships, which West Francia and East Francia fought for control over. |
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| All of the lordships of the Hundreds of Cornwall belonged, and still belong, to the Duchy of Cornwall, apart from Penwith which belonged to the Arundells of Lanherne. |
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| So rather than doing it on the hoof, as it were, perhaps your Lordships would be minded to adopt our suggestion. |
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| I briefly note the unexplicated distinction their Lordships draw between legal and social policy. |
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| A majority of their Lordships treated a material increase in the risk as equivalent to a material contribution to the damage. |
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| Your Lordships therefore went into the question of whether the Ordinance was a valid law. |
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| All of their Lordships spoke in terms of one party having assumed or undertaken a responsibility towards the other. |
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| In view of their Lordships, however, such a contention is not maintainable. |
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| The use of pejorative terms, however, served to paint such encounters in a different light which would then lend support to the conclusion at which their Lordships arrived. |
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| Can I show your Lordships the paragraphs that we have asterisked? |
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| All their Lordships denied that public policy had a role in the decision. |
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| I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships. |
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