| When electrons in the excited state outnumber electrons in the resting, or ground state, however, population inversion has taken place. |
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| The ground state of the molecule is that in which the bonding electrons are in the molecular orbitals of lowest energy. |
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| In vertebrates, it looks like the ground state is to make ribby thoracic segments everywhere. |
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| In other words, the pionic system, having its specific ground state and elementary pionic excitations converts rapidly into free pions. |
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| When that electron returns to its ground state, it releases energy as ultraviolet light, which is invisible. |
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| Nuclear isomers are excited states that eventually decay to the ground state, mostly by gamma radiation. |
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| Similarly, vacuum fluctuations cause an excited atom to fall into its ground state. |
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| The formation of a bleach continuum suggests the presence of a polarizable proton in the ground state that changes during the photocycle. |
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| When an atom or ion is in its ground state, the electrons spend a lot more time close to the nucleus than they do when the atom is in an excited state. |
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| In this particular ground state, the Euclidean point of view, there are no constraints acting on the developable function, and all directions are the same. |
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| Some of these excitons emit light when they decay to the ground state. |
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| In the quantum mechanical model, the energy of the ground state is not zero, but a finite quantity which is a function of Planck's constant and the vibrational quantum number. |
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| To clarify I would redefine popcorns as going from ground state to ground state. |
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| Next article we will look more in detail at what we mean as ground state as well as all kinds of hybrid popcorns. |
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| There are many variations of 3-count and PPS passing patterns for RR, RL type coming from ground state siteswaps. |
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| Up to now we have only considered patterns that leave ground state and return to ground state. |
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| In this definition, it is understood that unbound atoms of carbon 12, at rest and in their ground state, are referred to. |
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| The transition chosen has also a significant energy difference compared to the energy between the ground state and the first excited state. |
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| This process sets the ground state from which the various objectives in subsequent phases and increments are based. |
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| The relatively stable ground state of oxygen is a triplet state with two unpaired electrons with the same spin quantum number, each located in different antibonding orbitals. |
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| Enough energy is liberated in the last step to convert the electronic configuration of the luciferase-luciferyl-adenylate complex from a low-energy ground state to a high-energy excited state. |
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| The resulting is that of helium in its ground state. |
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| The result is a population inversion in which there are more particles in the higher-energy state than in the ground state. |
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| The Aufbau Principle states that in the ground state of an atom, an electron enters the orbital with lowest energy first and subsequent electrons are fed in the order of increasing energies. |
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| In the relatively low density of the photosphere and higher up, where atoms are only illuminated from below, the electrons tend to fall to the ground state, since excitation is low. |
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| The nucleus of a metastable isotope is in an excited state and will return to the ground state by emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray. |
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| The key of sub-Doppler cooling is the Zeeman structure of ground state Alkali atoms and the fact that an atom can return to another ground state sublevel after an absorption-emission cycle. |
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| Besides, there would be no way for the little man to detect directly that the ground state of his world is part of an infinitely degenerate multiplet. |
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| The adiabatic algorithm is thus a rather 'laid back' algorithm: one needs only to start the system in its ground state, deform it adiabatically, and measure its final ground state in order to retrieve the desired result. |
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| The excited atom relaxes to the ground state through a cascade collision process, in which the muon may be transferred from a deuteron to a triton or vice versa. |
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| This condition is called the ground state. |
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| Hence, the outer shell of these two nuclear states consists of three identical fermions which make the required ground state. |
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| Importantly, since excited orthohelium cannot fully relax back to the ground state, it remains available to recondense with atomic hydrogen in the chromosphere. |
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| Matter is in its ground state, and contains no thermal energy. |
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| Critically, the unprecedented resonant frequencies of diamond cantilevers allow the possibility of cooling cantilever devices down to the ground state. |
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| A negative temperature is experimentally achieved with suitable radio frequency techniques that cause a population inversion of spin states from the ground state. |
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| These were likely the first ground state anti-atoms ever made. |
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| When a ground state molecule absorbs a photon, the values of the electron spins are not altered and thus the primary excited state is the singlet state. |
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| The transition rate depends on the overlap between the ground state wavefunction for a low energy collision and the excited bound state wavefunction. |
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| To get a feel for the size, the energy required to completely liberate an electron from the ground state of a hydrogen atom is 13.6 electron volts. |
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| Ground state molecular oxygen can be activated by excess energy, reversing the spin of one of the unpaired electrons to form singlet oxygen. |
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