| The genotypes of all double mutants were confirmed by backcrosses to wild type. |
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| To determine the haplotypes of an individual, the genotypes of both parents may be required. |
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| If a hypolipidaemic drug were found to be effective in only one genetic subgroup the genotypes would be of more interest. |
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| When sites are recolonized, populations are founded by a very limited number of genotypes. |
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| All genotypes were checked for Mendelian inheritance and double recombinants. |
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| The genotypes were confirmed by sequencing both sense and antisense strands using forward and reverse primers in separate reactions. |
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| A major scientific goal in the last decade has been to isolate genes specifically expressed in apomictic genotypes. |
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| Due to strong population structure, both for indel genotypes and FT, all associations between genotype and FT were tested within populations. |
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| The growth conditions of winter genotypes were the same as described previously. |
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| Growth conditions of the spring genotypes Lina and Manley were similar to those for winter genotypes except that no vernalization was required. |
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| It appeared that development of new genotypes for seaweed mariculture would inevitably track the progress reported by crop scientists. |
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| These early HPV tests did not achieve widespread use because they did not detect all oncogenic HPV genotypes. |
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| Perhaps in ideally favorable environments most genotypes yield more or less the same phenotype. |
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| For this purpose we determined the genotypes of 695 offspring from F 1 intercrosses. |
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| For a parent with observed phenotypes, its actual genotypes can be inferred similarly. |
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| Each cage was filled with 20 potted plants of one of four genotypes of soybeans. |
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| For statistical analyses, recombinant families bearing the same marker genotypes were grouped together. |
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| The phenotypes and marker genotypes were shuffled 1000 times and the tests were performed on each permutated data set. |
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| We predict the relative fitnesses of hybrid genotypes by calculating the expected numbers of each type of incompatibility. |
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| To assess levels of significance, we permuted genotypes among populations 10,000 times. |
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| The genotypes of the inviable spores were inferred by the segregation pattern of the viable spores, when possible. |
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| These two strains were haploid and isogenic except for the indicated genotypes. |
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| Cows with valid genotypes for fewer than three markers were deleted from the analysis. |
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| Two possible causes can be conceived to explain the discrepancy, i.e., difference in the elicitors and difference in host genotypes. |
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| Natural selection disfavors mutations that cause pistils to accept pollen from genotypes that reject their pollen. |
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| Asexual populations thus maintain higher genetic diversity at each single locus but a lower number of different genotypes. |
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| It must be remembered, that in attempting to fix favorable characteristics, a monohybrid cross gives rise to four possible recombinant genotypes. |
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| Eggs hatching from diapause introduce to current environments species or genotypes laid at times in the distant past. |
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| Following sporulation and tetrad dissection, we determined the genotypes of the resulting haploid spores. |
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| The Punnet Square accurately predicts the expected probability of genotypes and phenotypes, but only for sufficiently large sample sizes. |
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| A dihybrid cross can also be represented with a Punnett square, but the square must contain 16 boxes to accommodate all possible genotypes. |
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| Studying polygenic traits is difficult, since with each added set of alleles, the number of possible genotypes increases geometrically. |
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| Phenotypic plasticity enables individuals or genotypes to assume obviously different phenotypes during the life cycle. |
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| A simple model, where the curve varies with fruits, was compared with a complex model, where the curve varies with genotypes and fruits. |
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| Plot shows percentage of females produced by hybrid males of various genotypes. |
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| Because of reduced penetrance, individuals of different genotypes can have the same phenotype. |
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| Nitrogen fixation was also much more tolerant of salinity in this selection than in the other genotypes studied. |
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| The biobank will provide data on disease risk associated with specific genotypes in individuals with and without various exposures. |
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| These strains offer the genetic reproducibility that is so valuable in lab mice, but with a wider variety of genotypes and phenotypes. |
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| In these recombinants, there was no evidence for mixed mitochondrial genotypes. |
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| Chi-square analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of phenotypic differences observed among different genotypes. |
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| In this experiment, both sperm index evaluation and mating tests were performed on males from each of 146 different genotypes. |
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| A quantitative model with additive effects was used to link genotypes to phenotypes. |
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| Overall, the results suggest that genotypes with the greatest capacity for nodulation perform best under both unstressed and stressed conditions. |
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| The observed data are the genotypes and the quantitative phenotypes of the subjects. |
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| Individuals with normal and heterozygous genotypes are both infected by falciparum that causes malaria fever. |
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| Cultivated varieties generally differ greatly from wild genotypes of the same closely related species. |
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| The first morphological difference that arises between the lemma primordia of awned and calcaroides genotypes is marked by a change in the overall length of the organ. |
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| The WBDC believes for their future work to be effective, they need to know the genotypes of their test herd. |
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| The current scheme was launched in coordination with ICRISAT and aims at identifying salttolerant, high-yield genotypes of the two species. |
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| Laboratory experiments have however demonstrated that BSE can be transmitted to certain genotypes of sheep and goats. |
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| Mrs Klass, take out your amendments and let the relationship between GMOs and genotypes be clarified by the scientists. |
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| Part of the solution to this conundrum must lie in the manner that genotypes map to phenotypes. |
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| Identifying elite genotypes is essential to renew old cacao plantations in Latin America and other producing regions. |
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| Furthermore, studies using dominant genetic markers do not properly allow for the disentanglement between genetic variation within loci and within genotypes. |
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| However, we performed the AMOVA with and without the allopatrically occurring repeated genotypes and obtained the same results. |
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| The other vaccine is quadrivalent and protects against these two genotypes and types 6 and 11, which cause genital warts in both sexes. |
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| We assume that the relative fitnesses of these genotypes remain constant. |
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| It is also unclear what sets of genotypes are to be included within a particular partial genotypic class for three reasons. |
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| Ammonoids reflected changing environmental conditions by changing their fecundity, whereas in nautiloids a strong heritable differential occurred between genotypes. |
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| Growth rate data from stimulated and unstimulated seedlings were not significantly different and were therefore combined to evaluate differences between genotypes. |
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| Somatic embryogenesis is used for the rapid and reliable multiplication of these genotypes. |
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| That genetic advantage means individuals with those genotypes are more likely to survive and breed successfully. |
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| About 3,000 individual breast tumours, for example, have now had their genotypes published. |
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| In the meantime, it is important to improve silvicultural approaches, preventing the loss of resistant genotypes from our forests. |
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| Because many persons have these genotypes and only a few develop gluten-sensitive enteropathy, investigators have hypothesized that other genes or cofactors may be involved. |
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| Rather, complex genotypes, somatic events, and random environmental risk determinants interact to reach the threshold for disease. |
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| Research has shown that certain prion protein genotypes in sheep confer resistance toscrapie. |
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| Each horizontal axis represents the genetic map of the indicated rat chromosome in Haldane centimorgans and the markers at which genotypes were determined. |
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| It was concluded that heterozygotes were not necessarily advantageous for trait performance even among genotypes derived from such a highly heterotic hybrid. |
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| West Indian genotypes are adapted to humid tropical conditions and are hence very cold sensitive but show tolerance of soil salinity and other adverse edaphic conditions. |
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| Seed phytate content and phosphorus uptake and distribution in dry bean genotypes. |
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| The influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 genotypes on the formation of the potent antioestrogen Z-4hydroxy-tamoxifen in human liver. |
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| Dry feed is often given ad libitum from one or more hoppers, although feed may be restricted in the later stages to prevent excessive fatness in pigs of unimproved genotypes or very heavy slaughter weights. |
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| Another study examined the association of ALOX5 promoter genotypes with responses to montelukast therapy. |
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| However, resources to explore epidemiologic links among patients with nonmatching genotypes should be used judiciously. |
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| Application of genetic selection pressure favoring a large mature body size within specific canine breeds concurrently selects genotypes with a remarkable ability for a rapid rate of growth. |
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| Extended virulence genotypes of Escherichia coii strains from patients with urosepsis in relation to phylogeny and host compromise. |
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| In particular, this screen revealed that Rm41 was unable to nodulate the plant genotypes F83005.5 and Turkey, while the same plant genotypes nodulated normally with other S. meliloti strains. |
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| Not surprisingly, SNPs are also more abundant in non-aflatoxigenic genotypes than toxigenic genotypes as expected if purifying selection is maintaining toxigenicity. |
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| The software automatically determines the cluster positions of the three codominant monohybrid genotypes for each SNP and displays them in normalized graphs. |
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| Mr. Grant Hill: So your wish, then, in a scientific sense, to isolate the active components, to make certain that all the genotypes are available, is to get the best product with the best information for the public? |
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| The trial fields are also used for the development of guidelines or testing methods suited to local conditions and genotypes for varieties of species becoming available for ownership for the first time. |
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| Once Holstein Canada is able to launch its service to allow Canadian breeders to genotype their heifers and cows with either the 3K or 50K panel, CDN will subsequently start receiving the resulting 3K genotypes. |
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| Working around a shared breeding platform, their aim will be to study all the genetic traits that are favorable to yield, and then to group them together in new genotypes. |
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| The same studies indicate the presence of two genotypes, one in the Atlantic and western Mediterranean population and another in the eastern Mediterranean. |
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| Member States shall require that varieties, and genotypes and clones thereof where applicable, accepted into the catalogue are maintained by selection for conservation. |
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| When ecological conditions change, certain genotypes may be more effective than others in adapting to the new environment, and will be favoured by natural selection. |
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| According to the USDA, probably only 20 to 30 genotypes exist. |
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| The two BeadStation systems have a capacity of 1.2 million genotypes per day and will be run at high utilization rates, generating more than 60 million genotypes in the five programs under this agreement. |
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| While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift, natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution. |
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| Genetic erosion and genetic pollution have the potential to destroy unique genotypes, threatening future access to food security. |
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| Heterozygote females are able to operate earlier in the day compared to all other genotypes. |
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| Feather growth differs markedly between genotypes and sexes, especially in feather-sexable strains. |
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| Since then, 6 different ABV genotypes have been detected in psittacines birds. |
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| Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance nutrient uptake in different wheat genotypes at high salinity levels under field and greenhouse conditions. |
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| Nasal turbinate homogenate from poults exposed to the 4 genotypes of hMPV was injected onto LLC-MK2 cells for virus isolation. |
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| Sensitivity of zero erucic acid genotypes of Oleiferous Brassica to plant population and planting geometry. |
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| New emerging Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in children during the transition phase from asymptomatic parasitemia to malaria. |
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| The effects of site and depth on amoA genotypes was formally tested using permutational multivariate analysis of variation. |
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| The genotypes behaved dissimilarly in terms of endophyte-induced rhizospheric L-asparaginase. |
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| A molecular phylogenetic analysis classifies HEV into four major genotypes. |
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| Outcrossers usually present higher polymorphic loci or number of genotypes per population than inbreeders. |
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| The original ESR1 auxotrophs were created by transposon mutagenesis and assigned inferred genotypes based on their ability to grow on certain metabolic intermediates. |
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| These multiple genotypes may better enable response to adaptation to environmental changes, and enable the lichen to inhabit a wider range of environments. |
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| Gastrin AUC values also depended significantly on CYP2C19 genotypes. |
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| The description of both genotypes occurring in sympatry without hybrid forms in an increasing number of countries supports the idea of 2 well-defined species. |
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| On the basis of amino acid or nucleotide sequencing of the polymerase and capsid regions, NoV can be divided into 6 genogroups and several genotypes. |
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| In general, the sense strand identified genotypes more accurately. |
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| In this previous study, we implemented population-specific GS models with progeny-tested parents as training sets, using their deregressed EBV and genotypes. |
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