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How to use genes in a sentence

Looking for sentences and phrases with the word genes? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples

The genes that encode these proteins are located immediately downstream of the cos region at the left end of the mature chromosome.
Perhaps the best demonstration of this comes from studies of mutation in reporter genes in transgenic mice.
When the mutated genes were inherited, the disinclination towards wealth exposure passed on.
The model uses as data either the counts of genes in a syntenic block or the distance between extreme members of a block, or both.
Two or three genes encode sucrose synthase isozymes in monocot species such as maize, barley, wheat, and rice.
Dynamics of focus formation can be affected by mutation of genes involved in DNA metabolism.
So far, 11 myosin genes have been identified in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.
All endogenous genes contain promoter sequences that determine where and when they will be expressed in an organism.
Rates of protein evolution were fastest for genes expressed during the dramatic morphogenesis of round spermatids into spermatozoa.
Most of these duplicated segments are doomed to oblivion, because any proteins their genes produce are redundant.
Only the quadruple mutant lacking all four genes exhibits a complete loss of floral organ identity.
A New York Times story reports a successful experiment in which jellyfish genes were mixed with the sperm cells of the rhesus monkey.
These two genes are tightly linked to the left telomere of the X chromosome.
By the 60th cycle, the typical cell had four to five of the target genes inactivated by mutation.
Indeed, if sequence divergence decreases hybridization signal, these genes should have more frequently appeared overexpressed than unexpressed.
The same pattern appears in tumor-associated genes undergoing either loss-of-function mutation or rearrangements.
We have an innate nature, because we have inherited genes from our most successful ancestors.
This suggests that the two genes are expressed in cells that are important for gustation.
Then all the genes in a new network should be closely related to each other, and only distantly to the old network.
So we don't have that many more genes than these tiny, somewhat nondescript, oftentimes considered non-complex, organisms.
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It is now thought that the genes for the rod and cone pigments evolved from a common ancestral gene.
The structure of the invertase genes are fairly similar, each containing between six and eight exons.
Among genes participating in carbohydrate metabolism, two distinct groups were recognized.
The deletion affected gene yajF with unknown function, but associated with genes involved in phage resistance through abortive infection.
Regions where no obvious candidate genes were found are indicated by a question mark.
All six genes putatively involved in biosynthetic processes have detectable expression.
These data indicated that the cloned genes represented the genomic loci that were altered in the original rye strains.
One goal of comparative genomics is to identify which sequences of genes in the human genome are associated with which traits.
Unlinked or unmapped genes are indicated off of the chromosomes and with dashed borders.
Three unshared genes in rice and one unshared gene in maize were given alphabetical designations.
Conserved linkage occurs when two or more homologous genes are syntenic and are in the same order on the chromosome in two or more species.
Hox genes have been isolated from a number of cnidarian species including hydra.
For example, all of the maternal genes whose sequences have coadapted to each other might be expressed and the paternal copies silenced.
Only 15 of these genes were previously known to cause a toxin phenotype when mutated.
In the first, the phylogenies of different genes were shown to be incongruent, indicating recombination between the genes.
In the eukaryotic genome, SP1 binding sites are well-known enhancer elements in genes with ubiquitous, yet inducible gene expression.
As I said, it turned on the genes to be a breast cell, had turned off the genes to be a nerve cell, or a blood cell, or a pluripotent cell.
Thus, we can use measures of skewness for distributions of expression differences for classified genes to discriminate between models.
Much more commonly, genes are believed only to contribute to a person's susceptibility to the disease.
In all these species, Bcl-rambo and BH3-only Bid form two distally adjacent genes on opposite strands.
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A large proportion of the rhythmically regulated genes also directly respond to environmental stress.
She was gentle and non-combative, as if she had been injected with the genes of a tabby cat.
The sequence of bases for genes of fundamental processes such as DNA duplication and respiration are almost the same in all cells.
The linkage between genes and behaviour is clear, but it did not evolve by natural selection.
The resistance genes that she and her colleagues are studying can be inserted into nonresistant rice plants to trigger their defenses.
First of all though, a comment about genes and cloning, an issue which erupted once more this week.
It becomes apparent that the two different pairs of genes in a dihybrid cross behave independently of one another.
The genes may be groups of multiple genes at different loci or sets of multiple alleles at the same locus.
Thus, we now have the possibility to discover disease genes that cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
These abnormalities are caused by defects in the genes that tell the cells how to make collagen.
Our acarologists use the tools of molecular biology to characterize genes associated with the secretion of tick salivary gland proteins.
Population genetic investigation of accessory gland protein genes has previously focused on D. melanogaster and D. simulans.
Additional genes important for eye development may remain unidentified because they cause early lethality when mutated.
These two genes are both thought to be very important in the expression of the malignant phenotype.
A major scientific goal in the last decade has been to isolate genes specifically expressed in apomictic genotypes.
More recently, however, several cloned chromosome 4 genes have been localized using in situ hybridization.
The data included results of genomic typing at polymorphic loci at or near genes of the autoimmune inflammatory response.
Inferred genes are indicated by arrows, indicating direction of transcription.
Proof of such genes would require complete genome sequences of representatives from each of the basal metazoan phyla.
Furthermore, the remaining unmapped loci represent at least an additional 36 genes that are likely to be involved in eye development.
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Divergence scores were averaged over consecutive disjoint sets of 15 genes each to smooth the curves.
So imprinting of X-linked genes naturally results in sexually dimorphic gene expression.
Primers designed to amplify and sequence the same genes of perciforms were useful in the present study.
Morphology places sipunculans with annelids and molluscs, and their mitochondrial genes relate them to annelids.
But Ewen is worried that genes in uncooked GM fruit and vegetables could survive common stomach infections.
The 22 genes were identified by their cloverleaf secondary structures and anticodon sequences.
This only occurs at the time when the pentagonal symmetry of the flower becomes visible and organ identity genes are expressed.
However, other low penetrance susceptibility genes may exist which may alter individual predisposition to breast cancer.
The remaining five mutants were shown not to be allelic to any of the genes already known.
Scientists came to understand how genes mutate, and how mutations helped make natural selection possible.
Previous reports have shown that biolistics can be used to transfer genes to chickens in ovo.
Hybridization may result in sterile offspring because of the incompatibility of genes or enzyme systems inherited from two dissimilar species.
The information encoded in the genes provides a very challenging experimental opportunity for physiologists.
But when they looked at brain tissue, the same genes were expressed so differently as to be unrecognisable.
All of these characters make this species useful as a source of genes for improving the genetic diversity of cultivated wheat.
A duplication-transposition model based on seven duplications and four transpositions of MHC class I genes has also been proposed.
This translocation together with the genes flanking the breakpoints may prove to be markers of this neoplasm.
Furthermore, many of the proteins encoded by genes implicated in neurodegenerative diseases interact with cytoskeletal proteins.
Sucrose synthase genes have been isolated primarily from starch-storing plants, such as maize, rice, barley, potato, mung bean, and pea.
By themselves, these genes had only subtle effects on the temporal pattern of egg laying.
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In vivo, the repression of genes involved in starch biosynthesis has been reported to block pollen development.
The eukaryotic nuclear genes are more similar to eubacterial than to archaebacterial homologs.
To the authors' knowledge, the function of the corresponding genes has not been revealed yet.
Another characteristic feature that distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic genes is the presence of introns.
Arrangements in the upper line represent periods in which duplicated genes diverged.
For neo-Darwinism, new functional genes either arise from non-coding sections in the genome or from pre-existing genes.
We also compared the mean expression level in hybrids relative to pure species between male-specific genes and all other genes.
The genes have an arrangement relatable to those of coelomate metazoans, but not to those of secernentean nematodes.
No conserved DNA motifs characteristic of the promoters of florally expressed genes were identified.
Most of these studies have focused mainly on targeting genes in the aerial parts of the plant.
Ordinary siblings and fraternal twins have only 50 percent of their genes in common.
Also many more genes have been sequenced and functionally characterized for the mouse than for any other nonhuman mammal.
Hosfield transferred the genes for erectness, canning quality, and virus resistance into red bean germplasm.
The categorizations are somewhat arbitrary, but our analysis tends toward conservative estimation of the number of genes showing these patterns.
Two major kinds of genetic change can affect rates at which genes are expressed.
Loci detected by genes functional in starch and hexose metabolism or transport are shaded gray.
The reactivation of dormant genes in fossil lineages after long time periods is considered a likely evolutionary mechanism.
Those similar genes from the mother and father will be located at the same spot on each homologous chromosome.
Many of the genes on the microarray are expressed sequence tags of uncharacterized genes.
Researchers found that the main chemical in stevioside causes changes in the genes of laboratory animals.
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Path diagram for a genetic network of nine genes reconstructed from yeast cell cycle data.
Biological viruses also ' steal ' virulence genes from other viruses and become more malignant.
Several coincidences between genes encoding for enzymes of N metabolism and QTLs for the traits studied were observed.
The study of Garey et al., which used two genes and B. plicatilis, yielded a tree in which acanthocephalans cluster as modified bdelloids.
This one explores genetic science, in particular the ethics of selecting genes for our children.
After this, genetic analysis for abnormalities in known genes will be done.
However, while a few genes do show rather high transition bias, most of the estimates cluster tightly around the median value.
These differences in expression domains indicate changes in the regulation of these genes somewhere in the annelid lineage.
However, scientists feel that a set of predisposing genes inherited from one's parents is likely to be required.
In genes of cold-blooded animals, plants, and unicellular organisms, these regularities are weaker and often not consistent.
Several genetic alterations to tumor suppressor genes have been shown to play a major role in tumorigenesis.
Generally, the analysis of substitution rates in multicopy genes requires careful handling of orthology and paralogy.
It is expected that a greater number of genes would exhibit homology between tomato and eggplant.
Expression of four oleopollenin genes in eight individuals of the predominantly apomictic species Boechera holboellii.
These genes strongly implicate the glucose metabolism pathway in organismal aging.
Population subdivision affects the frequency spectrum similarly to balancing selection but should affect all the genes similarly.
For example, it is becoming clear that co-option has played a critical role in evolution and the homeotic genes are not exempt in this regard.
Several genes involved in the regulation of chromatin structure were identified as regulators of homeotic gene complexes.
Another possibility is that the human coronavirus acquired genes from another, more virulent virus.
These results suggest that insulin-like genes have coevolved with the appearance of the metazoa.
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At Merck, scientists are collecting data about patterns of genes that become active or inactive when drugs cause serious effects.
But now, scientists have developed a way to make the materials for genes on a microchip in mass quantities, for a fraction of the current cost.
While genes compete to get copied when plants and animals reproduce, memes compete to get stored in our memories and passed on to someone else.
In insects, the genes that encode the proteins of the egg membrane, the chorion, become amplified in the surrounding follicle cells.
Genes of interest were printed in duplicate along with non-specific genes and housekeeping genes were used for normalization purposes.
Because of their possibly unusual evolution, genes coding for ribosomal proteins were excluded from the analysis.
Several genes coding for different cytokines may affect host susceptibility to tuberculosis.
The majority of these genes are involved in coenzyme transport and metabolism and in cellular wall and membrane biogenesis.
The number of expressed sequences greatly surpasses the estimated number of protein-coding genes in mammalian genomes.
The genes responsible for such syndromes increase cancer risk to such an extent that all other factors are largely superseded.
It's possible that the complex, chambered heart didn't change gradually, with many genes evolving minor mutations that changed their functions.
If fewer genes meant more freedom, then we would have to say flies and amoeba have more free will than humans.
All genes are transcribed from the same strand, and scaling is only approximate.
If the wild relatives of our crop plants die out, we might lose the genes that could be used to breed new pest-resistant strains.
Their research is bringing to light a potentially new class of genes that can suppress the growth of tumors.
Despite several attempts, no ParaHox genes have so far been found in triclads.
Debates over what is patentable typically revolve around questions of isolable genes and gene sequences.
We cloned the corresponding genes and performed secondary tests to determine their function in chromosome behavior.
A relationship between these genes has also been obtained from mutant analysis as well as phylogenetic analysis.
The proteins encoded by these genes are thought to participate in the biochemical steps that lead to meiotic recombination.
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The loss of preexisting genes or gene activities during evolution is a major mechanism of ecological specialization.
Many of the proteins encoded by these genes are expected to become targets for new drugs.
The proteins encoded by these genes share a short region of homology at their amino termini.
Of the eight overlapping genes reported here, two are encoded on the opposite strand.
Physical activity and non-clinical weight management programs can compensate for our bad genes and prevent diabesity.
Is he saying that our genes have been programmed by evolution to resist inchoatives that involve becoming lost?
It is more likely that change of paternal genes or antigens would result in heterogeneous outcomes rather than unfavourable pregnancy outcomes.
Studies of genes translocated to heterochromatin have provided insight into the factors that control chromatin states.
You could put all sorts of different genes in animals and do all sorts of damage.
These genes explain the tendency for autoimmunity to run in families, with variable expressions of disease in affected individuals.
One way to find such genetic signatures is to search for genes that reveal signs of positive natural selection.
The paper focuses on genes involved in metabolizing and disposing of xenobiotic chemicals, such as those in the cytochrome P450 gene families.
However, the details of functional divergence between duplicate genes remain largely unexplored.
Drugs that regulate the activity of these genes might be effective for these patients, the researchers said.
It is called a physical map because the breakpoints used to map genes are produced by a physical cutting of DNA fragments from chromosomes.
If the two genes carry different alleles, then the allelic genealogy states only that they are different.
Positions are defined independently of the allelic states of the genes that reside there.
Scientists have discovered many genes that play important roles in human diseases.
Critics note that novel genes introduced into GM plants could produce proteins that are toxic, allergenic or carcinogenic.
Our genes are not the product of our present environment alone, but also of all the environments our genetic ancestors experienced.
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A similar study by Kao's group identified two genes responsible for overproduction of the antibiotic tylosin.
Pair rule, polarity and gap genes are present, but seem to have little or no role in segmentation.
Mutants that failed to complement known mutant lines were mapped further and the genes were identified from the map position.
However, the genes may be evolutionarily related, and the two developmental pathways may therefore have ancestrally shared common components.
In other words, are rescue genes mutant alleles of the genes that normally kill hybrids?
Those physical resemblances, and many other attributes, would surely be traceable to the genes within each species.
The B genes act as awn inhibitors, A acts as awn promotors, b 1 a leads to half awned condition and Hd gives hooded condition.
The viral vector carrying factor VIII genes was injected into the blood of 11 newborn hemophilic mice and two newborn hemophilic dogs.
Earlier studies had found that corn-earworm P450 genes make substances that detoxify one of celery's natural insecticides.
We have used experimental manipulation of chick embryos to test the causal role of Hox genes in patterning derivatives of the paraxial mesoderm.
If the genes of violence are in many of us, why are they less likely to be in democratically elected rulers than in dictators?
If an individual inherits the mutation in both genes they will have sickle-cell disease.
This is important because what makes a cancerous cell different from a noncancerous cell is the set of genes that are turned on or off.
Humans share three-quarters of their genes with man's best friend, the first genetic blueprint of the domestic dog revealed yesterday.
The genes responsible for our red dogs are recessive to those responsible for our brindles.
The team examined differences between parts of the genes of body lice and head lice.
This amount of sequence overlap of genes on the same strand has not been found in mtDNA genes to date.
Either the genes for making silk could be genetically engineered into microorganisms or something similar could be done with cotton plant genes.
Anything is purchasable in this new era, including new non-wrinkly skin or your choice of genes for the perfect baby.
Among the archaebacterial-specific genes several ribosomal proteins, DNA metabolic enzymes, and proteasome subunits are prominent.
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Type B genes are expressed particularly in the leaflike regions on both sides in the bilobed cephalic ganglion.
Asian and African populations showed selection in genes affecting the metabolism of the plant sugars mannose and sucrose.
We also discuss the implications of the methods in locating genes underlying complex binary traits by use of samples from natural populations.
These genes can be manipulated and used to predict meat quality, tenderness, fat contact, milk yield and disease resistance.
Major histocompatibility complex genes are known to influence the immune functions.
Susceptibility to MS is based on interactions among several genes and influences by, largely unknown, nongenetic factors.
For example, huge databases have been established of genes that are aberrantly regulated in cancers.
The Amy genes of Drosophila constitute a relatively small multigene family with two to seven members in different species.
Most preposterous is the concept of rapid introgression of Mojave toxin genes from Mojave rattlers into timber rattlers.
It is, in fact, their infectious nature which makes them useful as vectors to introduce alien genes into biological organisms.
Meanwhile, molecular biologists are unlocking secrets to the genes that control prized traits.
But sometimes the genes do not work as well as they should, so the toxins slowly accumulate in your body.
Only a few visits to your doctor will be enough to implant you with chameleon genes and you've got thought controlled cosmetics.
Natural selection did not stop operating on brain genes once humanity developed into distinct races.
Third, many agronomically important genes or their alleles are chromosome specific and are not triplicated.
Somehow they forgot to mention that we share nearly as high a percentage of genes with chimpanzees.
They were predominantly human viruses that acquired some genes from an avian source.
Thus major changes in body plan are possible over very short time intervals when homeotic, regulatory genes are involved.
In addition, we have been studying the orthologous genes in the red flour beetle, which has relatively unspecialized mandibulate mouthparts.
Pair rule, polarity, and gap genes are present, but they seem to have little or no role in segmentation.
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We're stuck with our genes and our genetic make-up constrains how we react to the world.
Humans who carry the silent genes have become subject to narcoma, which causes them to sleep for increasingly large portions of the day.
I don't think that anything is known yet about the number, position, dominance, co-dominance or recessiveness of genes for behavior.
Initially, a hybrid population is created by admixing genes from parental populations.
Not content with patenting the test, the company moved quickly to ringfence the genes themselves.
Transferred genes are subject to those mutational processes affecting the recipient genome.
This may allow non-breeding animals to pass along the genes they share with their kin by helping in the rearing of young.
Asthma has a genetic component, but genes alone do not account for the recent increase.
Perhaps there is something in our ethnic genes that is firmly anchored in the past.
Only full-length genomic and cDNA clones, including genes with in-frame stop codons, were analyzed.
The other clones contained copies of related genes or were false positives.
The number of genes encoding Nudix hydrolases varies widely, from zero in most Mycoplasma species to around 30 in streptomycetes.
Here, we use the sequences of 35 nuclear protein-encoding genes to provide definitive evidence for the monophyly of the Agnatha.
This is evidence that the genes are evolving in a concerted manner, as might be predicted for genes that mispair very frequently in meiosis.
Fluorescent genes from jellyfish have also been added to organisms in this manner to show which are successful recombinants.
We use the fact that processed pseudogenes and functional genes are subject to different nucleotide-substitution patterns.
Four alleles were putative pseudogenes and no Pto genes could be isolated from seven individuals of different Lycopersicon species.
Neither one of us wants to have children, because we feel that passing on our genes would be a form of child abuse.
To visualize the expression of genes of all 10 prophage and prophage-like regions, the DNA macro-array technique was used.
Some of the resulting methylations may have desired effects but other methylations near other genes might cause effects that are harmful.
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The bands mark several genes that were mapped in both the human and the canine species.
Her mental meltdown had as much to do with genes as it did with personal crises.
Defects in mismatch repair genes lead to variations in the length of microsatellites, known as microsatellite instability.
The first topology is a trivial one, just stating the genes are allelically identical.
We'll be able to take a few little genes in a test tube, wipe out the human race or all other species.
In addition, a better integration will facilitate the discovery of genes for novel biomarkers and targets for new therapeutic interventions.
A knowledge of the proteins and other biomolecules that genes control is the other half.
Speaking of genes and drugs, for years there's been a fruitless search for the gene for alcoholism.
The Hox genes exert this influence by their action on the genes controlling the development of these structures.
Gene duplications underlie the diversification of genes and the origination of novel gene functions.
The percentage of genes transcribed at a certain level is plotted against the relative level of gene transcription.
You can't buy it in a bottle, hire a custom applicator to put it on or a molecular geneticist to jockey genes for it around in a lab.
These genes have multiple alleles and are expressed either in the stigma or in the pollen.
We have no two plant lines that are identical for all alleles of genes yet differ appreciably for genome size.
Conversely, patients whose genes efficiently counteracted chemotherapy and radiation treatment had shorter survival times overall.
Epigenetic regulation in aging mammals can be quantitatively measured using genes subject to X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting.
One potential factor postulated to influence the fate of duplicated genes is germ-line-specific X chromosome inactivation.
Many problems in evolutionary biology involve evolution of traits controlled by multiple genes of approximately additive effect.
By 1984 the adults and their young carried admixtures of the genes that produced the 1983 adults.
We have devised a functional approach to clone genes involved in the regulation of cell growth and senescence.
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Litman next plans to look for novel immune genes in jawless vertebrates, such as lamprey and hagfish.
The possibilities range from injecting genes to implanting tiny machines that would churn out the necessary proteins nonstop.
To me however, the most interesting components of junk DNA are the mobile genetic elements, also called jumping genes or transposons.
Strains with mutations in both genes are very sensitive to DNA damaging agents, have very short telomeres, and undergo cellular senescence.
In contrast, the 12 essential genes known to exist within the mitotic heterochromatin of chromosome 3 have remained only imprecisely mapped.
They found two genes switched on in the amniotic epithelial cells that heretofore were believed to only be expressed in embryonic stem cells.
Recently, the yeast genome was completely sequenced and no insulin-like genes were found.
We have sequenced mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes from wild and domestic pigs from Asia and Europe.
Thus amphioxus is the only chordate species in which distinct insulin and IGF genes have not been found.
This is where the cell decides which genes are to be transcribed into messenger RNA, which then serves as an instruction to make proteins.
Little is known about the involvement of receptor genes in the ethylene perception of monocotyledonous plants such as rice.
More substantively, does he seriously maintain that genes indicate only the effects of selection?
She received two offers of marriage and another wish from a man keen to get the her genes in the family.
Drosophila genes undergo complex splicing patterns, reside close to their neighbors, and often overlap.
This underrepresentation is of the same magnitude as the average for genes in the human genome.
Limited evidence has been presented that elevated CO2 inhibits the transcription of genes coding for carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco activase.
All genes are transcribed in taproots while transcription in leaves is low or undetectable.
The choice of x genes and y taxa approaches true randomness as the binomial coefficient increases relative to replicate number.
Parasite virulence genes identified as part of the leishmania genome project may be specifically targeted for vaccine or drug design.
Males utilize bright mating colorations when displaying on the lek and contribute only genes to their progeny.
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Influenza, whose genes evolve a million times faster than ours, is a master of adaptability.
These genes are essentially immune system genes and defend the host organism from parasites.
Early activated genes are of special interest because they mediate some of relationships between mind and body in psychoneuroimmunology.
Their biology teacher has just given them an assignment about genes and heredity, expecting them to pass a five-page term paper by Wednesday.
Through mutation, genes test different strategies for enhancing ecological survival.
Legume roots are known to exude various flavonoid and isoflavonoid molecules that induce expression of nod genes by bacteria in rhizobia.
In other patients, the genes preparing neurofilament proteins that support the nerve fibers are deranged.
Autosomal genes often showed deranged regulatory levels, indicating they were in pathways perturbed by X chromosomal changes.
We continue to use these techniques for the isolation of new genes involved in physiological processes in fish and bivalve molluscs.
Gene order changes involving protein-encoding and ribosomal RNA genes are rare events within most animal phyla.
These genes encode proteins that are involved in regulating the expression of homeotic genes by changing chromatin structure.
Further characterization of the function of these genes in lung carcinogenesis may lead to the development of novel targeted therapies.
One possible reason for the different functions encoded by R genes is the different modus operandi employed by different pathogen species.
Does the size of the influence of the genes change across the human lifespan?
Most of the genes are derepressed in the absence of a functional hns gene, indicating that H-NS mainly functions as a repressor.
Blocking deacetylation by sodium butyrate or trichostatin A derepresses silent rRNA genes subject to nucleolar dominance.
Analysis of homozygous germline clones can be employed to reveal the role of pleiotropic genes in pole plasm formation.
We conclude that Minos can be instrumental for completion of the effort to introduce useful insertions into all known genes of D. melanogaster.
The data set included sequences of genes from mammals, birds, amphibians, coelacanths, lungfishes, ray-finned fishes, and cartilaginous fishes.
However, only for a minority of genes is the function defined by a mutant phenotype.
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Humans have a pathetic sense of smell because over half of the 1000 genes coding for our olfactory receptors don't work.
Many drug testers believe that within a few years, desperate athletes will try to alter their genes so that they don't need designer drugs.
The function of the genes that encode rapidly evolving proteins remains largely unknown.
He is a pioneer in assembling a profile of genes involved in heart disease risk.
These degenerin genes encode ion channels, and mutations in these genes appear to perturb the ionic balance in cells, resulting in their death.
The researchers suspect that the same genes could confer greater longevity and are measuring the animals' survival rate.
It wouldn't do to mix their blue blood with the debased genes of commoners!
If these genes were to assort independently, eight susceptible plants should have been identified.
It has been noted that coexpressed genes are frequently situated as contiguous clusters within an operon.
In bacteria, these genes are clustered in operons, while in eukaryotes, they are widely dispersed throughout the genome.
Horizontal transfer of whole genes and operons between divergent species is a frequent event.
Proteins encoded by sperm genes in both males and hermaphrodites evolve more rapidly than most other types of genes.
This was a mongrel breed incorporating strains of Labrador, Greyhound, anything that could advance the genes of endurance and pulling power.
The polyandry of female Uta may be a strategy to obtain genes to produce both high quality sons and daughters.
Functionally equivalent genes may evolve heterogeneously across closely related taxa as a consequence of lineage-specific selective pressures.
These are mutations frequently detected in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes from human tumours.
If those mutations happen to be in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and they accumulate over time, it might cause a skin cancer to develop.
Biologists assumed that proteins alone regulate the genes of humans and other complex organisms.
Thus, most hereditary cancer syndromes are the result of inherited mutations in tumor suppressor genes rather than oncogenes.
Mutations in genes coding for these proteins may be tolerated in an otherwise wild-type cell through the presence of one or more checkpoint pathways.

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