| Bones of the forelimb and shoulder girdle in Alamosaurus, except the ulna, differ substantially from those of Titanosaurus colberti. |
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| The pectoral girdle and forelimb also reveal suites of hierarchically nested morphological novelties supporting the theropod origin of birds. |
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| Additionally, a nonstandard lead was observed across the left forelimb and right hindlimb. |
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| For the sake of simplicity we will not address the bones of the wrist and paw in our study of the forelimb and girdle. |
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| The right lower forelimb vein was catheterized for intravenous infusion of Ringer's lactate. |
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| This specimen consists of a nearly complete tail, the right forelimb complete through the metacarpals, both sternal plates, and both ischia. |
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| We consider it far more likely that kinematic and kinetic aspects of forelimb motion coevolved. |
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| They have no eyelids, and all species have four fingers on each forelimb, five toes on each hind limb, and caudal fins. |
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| It likely used its muscled shoulders and the enlarged claw on the second toe of each forelimb to grasp its prey. |
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| The left lower forelimb vein was cannulated for intravenous administration of anesthesia and pancuronium bromide. |
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| Most muscles in both the forelimb and hindlimb are gracile, with simple parallel fibered strap-like architecture. |
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| Both the forelimb and the hindlimb have one long bone that attaches to the body at one end and to two long bones at the other end. |
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| These structures are homologous in that they are in both cases modifications of the forelimb bone structure of early reptiles. |
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| Golub et al. 2000: Reduced forelimb and hindlimb grip strength, decreased thermal sensitivity. |
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| The left forelimb deviated outwardly at the carpus and was very swollen at the tarsus. |
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| The bones of the forelimb of the alligator and the fin of a beaked whale are those of the arm and hand of a human, different in lengths of course, but all the bones are there. |
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| However, for alcids and diving-petrels that also fly in air, forelimb joint mobility is much lower than in penguins, probably due to constraints of aerial flight. |
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| The several theories for the origin of avian feathers, as well as for the origin of the winged forelimb and avian flight, are all historical-narrative explanations. |
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| Thus, species that are strong fliers with robust wing elements leave bone assemblages richer in forelimb elements than species that tend to be more cursorial. |
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| Within the theropods lineage leading to birds, the forelimbs lengthened in proportion to the hindlimbs, and the hand elongated in relation to the rest of the forelimb. |
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| As a result of the constant digging action, elements of the forelimb that are associated with those movements will begin to ossify. |
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| It entered his left caudal dorsal thorax and exited through his right forelimb scapular. |
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| The distal segment of the limb comprises the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges in the forelimb and the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges in the hind limb. |
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| Microbats lack the claw at the second finger of the forelimb. |
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| A primary and persistently ground-living form does not develop fourhandedness. The present forelimb of the hominids is incomprehensible without prior arboreal life. |
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| The triceps muscle is composed of three heads and is the largest muscle of the forelimb which works as extensor of the elbow and flexes the shoulder joint. |
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