The currency was allowed to find its own level and deflation, not inflation, was identified as the major enemy. |
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Here's where old ideas, like the wonder of a common currency, have struggled to cope with a multiplicity of new and very different economies. |
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From July 1 every 10,000 of the old lei will be exchanged for one new leu, knocking four noughts off the currency. |
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Even the announcements of the currency repatriations can trigger short covering rallies. |
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Currently the exchange rate policy of China's currency, the renminbi, fluctuates only slightly. |
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United States coins and currency are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues. |
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The Polish zloty is the world's best-performing currency this year, gaining 16 percent against the euro and 25 percent against the dollar. |
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Inflation made the official currency worthless, so people resorted to barter. |
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The dong was the currency of the Republic of Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 xu, also written su. |
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This reinforcement of capital controls probably played a key role in averting a run on China's domestic currency, the renminbi. |
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In trading on currency markets Thursday, the rand was trading at 7.5 rands per American dollar. |
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This month the local currency, the kina, fell to a two-year low of 29 US cents. |
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One main aim of this plan was to halt the rampant inflation of the Nicaraguan currency, the cordoba. |
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On the other hand, to debate the appropriateness of a single currency union at this juncture may engender unintended results. |
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The smell of fresh breads, wet ink, melting glass, new silks and a lot of currency drifted about from the many open stalls. |
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Children who were allowed fun food were the cool kids at school and their lunchboxes were always higher currency for swaps. |
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In the north west currency devaluation has led to a huge jump in the price of imported rice. |
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Goals are vital and strikers like her are the premium currency, with all eyes focused on them after a successful foray. |
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Indeed, one of the prices of a victory won in the face of French and German recalcitrance has been a slide in UK support for the single currency. |
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As this process goes on, the attractiveness of the Euro as a reserve currency and store of value will grow. |
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Today, the currency and export policy of China is anchored around its peg to the dollar. |
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The currency of Mauritania is ougiya, which is is divided into 5 khoums, but these are not in use. |
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After the 1997-98 crisis, Mahathir thumbed his nose at the world and went his own way by imposing currency controls. |
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These points serve as currency for requisitioning units and calling for fire support. |
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Consider as an example the watermarking of currency, so that scanners and photocopy machines will recognize a bill and refuse to scan it. |
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And third-party agrarians, particularly sensitive to farm debt, chose currency inflation over the gold standard. |
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A falling dollar makes US assets less attractive to foreigners because repatriated profits are worth less when changed to the home currency. |
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The Guatemalan unit of currency, the quetzal, is named for the Guatemalan national bird. |
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In the past few weeks, the value of the Burmese currency has halved to around 800 kyat to the dollar. |
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Dump the currency restrictions and let capital flow in and out of this country like water. |
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Citizens of all EU countries have been exchanging dollars for euros, as acceptability of the currency has plunged. |
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The national currency of the Republic of Ukraine is the Hryvnia consisting of 100 kopiyka. |
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In fact, we are now in the realm of complex payment, where payment is in a foreign currency and there is a string of banks. |
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Plenty of people seem to be reading a lot into the Swedish rejection of the single currency. |
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The Croatian currency is the kuna, apparently named after a small furry animal like a stoat or weasel, the pelts of which used to be traded. |
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It was cryptic, but currency markets traders knew exactly what the G7, or more precisely, Mr Snow, was driving at. |
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Iraq's currency has lost so much of its value that it takes enormous wads of it to buy anything of value. |
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Under the regime of fiat currency these ratchets are irresistible as they are powered and amplified by speculation. |
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On September 28 Denmark votes on whether to abolish its currency, the krone, in favour of the euro currently used by 12 European countries. |
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People can pay in their own currency, euro, sterling, US, Australian or Canadian dollars, Swedish kroner, yen, rand or Swiss francs. |
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What is your comment on a proposal to have Hong Kong adopt the Chinese renminbi as its official currency? |
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One Princeton educated chap was quite shocked to hear that we had our own currency and that we didn't use the almighty Green Back! |
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Even the laggard economies of Germany and Italy are beginning to look a lot better as they're helped by the weak currency. |
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Some countries require you to change a stipulated sum of money into local currency each day, but this money cannot be reconverted when you leave. |
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The South African currency lost more than a rand against the US dollar on Thursday alone. |
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Also, a firmer currency would make it cheaper for the country to amass oil reserves and other commodities. |
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They basically laid out a strategy which counts on currency manipulation to accumulate lots of hard currency. |
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These might seem sufficient reason alone for joining the single currency. |
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Compared to Liberty, Bitcoin is an even more decentralized type of digital currency known as a cryptocurrency. |
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Both are harmful, but the debt route is a less visible way to debase the currency. |
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The Stability Pact was to have kept the currency health, but it became inconvenient for France, which ratted, followed by Germany, France, Italy, Holland, and Greece. |
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The basic unit of currency, the ouguiya, is comprised of five khoums. |
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In 1960 a new decimalized currency of rands and cents replaced sterling. |
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The value of the afghani, the country's currency, is rising. |
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That statement, simply put, means Beijing might actually try to depreciate its currency. |
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Iraqi banks are seconded to commit fraudulent transactions and sell currency at inflated prices. |
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With generic brand cigarettes sold in commissary for about a dollar each, packs were an effective unit of currency. |
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Reeves was visibly perturbed when he saw the amount of British currency that McNally had recovered in Austria. |
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They form a daily currency by which we settle relationships, but they also create doubt. |
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The currency is the kuna, of which there are about ten to a British pound. |
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A rise in the yen against the dollar reduces the value of exporters' profits when repatriated into Japanese currency, which contributes to deflation. |
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They propose that we pressure China to improve its human-rights policy, or to get tougher on Iran, or to devalue its currency. |
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He is also asking the Treasury to cancel the currency fluctuation bands and to lift the restrictions on the issue of short-term debt certificates. |
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At currency auctions, it traded at around 64.45 rubles to the dollar and 78.8 to the euro. |
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The uniformity of administrative structures was reflected, later, in the imposition of a national, decimal system of weights, measures, and currency. |
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And even those who consider themselves great patriots prefer to keep their savings in foreign currency. |
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An under-valued Chinese currency bars American products and services as effectually as a tariff barrier. |
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But to protect these good and innocent people, it is necessary for the government to act amorally in a world where power politics is the only currency. |
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Greater productivity would put pressure on the yuan, or renminbi to rise, but more trade liberalization and capital liberalization could put pressure on the currency. |
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Those 10 stocks are part of a list prepared by a quantitative analyst with CIBC World Markets, determined on the basis of currency sensitivity and stock returns. |
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Then the gift card is shopped online in a gray market to collect cold currency. |
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They say the currency devalues a few points just in the time it takes to smoke a cigarette. |
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Wartime shortages, coupled with imperfections, limited the production of British currency. |
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Today's middle class is suffering as a result of the deterioration of the U.S. currency and things are only going to get worse. |
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The new kwanza, the national currency, is subject to high inflation rates. |
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And most particularly, can you name a price in dollars or yen or any other currency that you think the euro is actually going to go to before it rebounds? |
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The centre later checks the currency for wear and dirt, disposing of some and recirculating the remainder back to financial institutions, King said. |
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The official currency is the rouble divided into 100 kopecks. |
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Also established were counterpart funds, which used Marshall Plan aid to establish funds in the local currency. |
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Switzerland and Liechtenstein participate in a customs union since 1924, and both employ the Swiss franc as national currency. |
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The president also chairs informal summits of the 19 Member States which use the euro as their currency. |
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Anguilla's currency is the East Caribbean dollar, though the US dollar is also widely accepted. |
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In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. |
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However, after that date they were issued in denominations of British Pounds, the official currency of the territory. |
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The local currency is the Falkland Islands pound, which is pegged to the British pound sterling. |
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The currency of Gibraltar is the Gibraltar pound, issued by the Government of Gibraltar under the terms of the 1934 Currency Notes Act. |
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In a currency board arrangement, these notes are issued against reserves of sterling. |
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Saint Helena used sterling currency as in the United Kingdom until 1976 when it began to issue its own banknotes at par with sterling. |
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There is no central bank, with the currency pegged to pound sterling which is controlled by the Bank of England in London. |
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The pound sterling is the official currency of the islands, and the same notes and coins are used as in the United Kingdom. |
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For more information on British currency in the wider region, see Pound sterling in the South Atlantic and the Antarctic. |
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Close economic ties exist with Brunei, and the two share a pegged currency value. |
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Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. |
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In the retail currency exchange market, different buying and selling rates will be quoted by money dealers. |
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In the foreign exchange market, a currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency. |
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There is a market convention that determines which is the fixed currency and which is the variable currency. |
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Quotation using a country's home currency as the price currency and is used in most countries. |
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Conversely, if the foreign currency is strengthening and the home currency is depreciating, the exchange rate number increases. |
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Each country determines the exchange rate regime that will apply to its currency. |
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A currency will tend to become more valuable whenever demand for it is greater than the available supply. |
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Increased demand for a currency can be due to either an increased transaction demand for money or an increased speculative demand for money. |
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In general, the higher a country's interest rates, the greater will be the demand for that currency. |
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Economic variables such as economic growth, inflation and productivity are no longer the only drivers of currency movements. |
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Some policy rules can be imposed by external bodies, for instance the Exchange Rate Mechanism for currency. |
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By the end of the 20th century, the United States dollar was considered the world's most dominant reserve currency, followed by the Euro. |
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By the 1860s, most industrialised countries had followed the lead of the United Kingdom and put their currency on to the gold standard. |
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Economists debate whether a single reserve currency will always dominate the global economy. |
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The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. |
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This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. |
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In 1944, when the US dollar was chosen as the world reference currency at Bretton Woods, it was only the second currency in global reserves. |
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The United States dollar is the most widely held currency in the Allocated Reserves today. |
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The euro is currently the second most commonly held reserve currency, comprising about a quarter of allocated holdings. |
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The United Kingdom's pound sterling was the primary reserve currency of much of the world in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. |
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The Canadian dollar, since 2013, is ranked 5th among foreign currency reserves in the world. |
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This makes Chinese yuan the fifth reserve currency after US dollar, Euro, British pound sterling and Japanese yen. |
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A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. |
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Sovereigns issuing debt denominated in a foreign currency may furthermore be unable to obtain that foreign currency to service debt. |
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Public debt is the total of all borrowing of a government, minus repayments denominated in a country's home currency. |
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Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. |
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This disregards the risk to foreign purchasers of depreciation in the dollar relative to the lender's currency. |
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Usually small states with volatile economies have most of their national debt in foreign currency. |
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For countries in the Eurozone, the euro is the local currency, although no single state can trigger inflation by creating more currency. |
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Song Dynasty China introduced the practice of printing paper money in order to create fiat currency. |
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At that time, the term inflation referred to the devaluation of the currency, and not to a rise in the price of goods. |
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The adoption of fiat currency by many countries, from the 18th century onwards, made much larger variations in the supply of money possible. |
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An increase in the general level of prices implies a decrease in the purchasing power of the currency. |
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There can also be negative impacts to trade from an increased instability in currency exchange prices caused by unpredictable inflation. |
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However, as the value of the reference currency rises and falls, so does the currency pegged to it. |
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The standard specifies how the gold backing would be implemented, including the amount of specie per currency unit. |
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The currency itself has no innate value, but is accepted by traders because it can be redeemed for the equivalent specie. |
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Welfare must contribute positively to the economy otherwise there is a risk of damaging currency values. |
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Damage to currency values will damage trading positions and investment which will, in turn, hurt the economy overall. |
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The receiver could convert the Liberty Reserve currency back into cash for a small fee. |
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The EU established a parliament, court and central bank and introduced the euro as a unified currency. |
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The notes are no longer produced and usually not used as currency anymore, although they are still legal tender. |
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The ID Card is mandatory for dealing with government institutions, banks or currency exchange shops. |
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Notably, some definitions define any 'undeclared' trafficking of currency and precious metal as smuggling. |
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A major player in the commerce between the Roman Empire and Ancient India, Aksum's rulers facilitated trade by minting their own currency. |
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Paper currency notes were of such low value that several bundles were needed to pay for simple restaurant meals. |
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A thriving black market existed in the centre of the city as banks experienced shortages of local currency for exchange. |
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Harsh exchange control regulations were introduced to prevent export of foreign currency. |
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Owing to a lack of confidence in the local currency, the US dollar is widely accepted as a medium of exchange alongside the Somali shilling. |
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In historic times, the introduction of currency as a standardized money, facilitated a wider exchange of goods and services. |
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The OECD Economic Survey of Iceland 2008 had highlighted Iceland's challenges in currency and macroeconomic policy. |
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Liechtenstein participates in a customs union with Switzerland and employs the Swiss franc as the national currency. |
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Some Scottish nobility petitioned Westminster to wipe out the Scottish national debt and stabilise the currency. |
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In Finland squirrel pelts were used as currency in ancient times, before the introduction of coinage. |
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A similar announcement was made by Balbir Singh Sandhu, in Amritsar, who released stamps and currency of Khalistan. |
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However, the laws discuss slaves, both male and female, and the term for a female slave, Cumhall, became a broader currency term. |
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Counterfeiting, the forgery of banknotes, is an inherent challenge in issuing currency. |
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These became banknotes when the manager of the Bank decoupled the rate of note issue from the bank currency reserves. |
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Generally, a central bank or treasury is solely responsible within a state or currency union for the issue of banknotes. |
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However, this is not always the case, and historically the paper currency of countries was often handled entirely by private banks. |
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Banknotes may also be overprinted to reflect political changes that occur faster than new currency can be printed. |
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Some governments, such as Canada, are considering replacing paper notes and coins with digital currency. |
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In the early 1990s, it became more common for rare notes to be sold at various coin and currency shows via auction. |
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In a monetary system known as the gold standard, a certain weight of gold was given the name of a unit of currency. |
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Copper is used in roofing, currency, and for photographic technology known as the daguerreotype. |
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Various civilizations of the Fertile Crescent used lead as a writing material, as currency, and for construction. |
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Offa's currency was used across the West Saxon kingdom, and Beorhtric had his own coins minted only after Offa's death. |
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Then in 2016, the mint announced plans for a digital gold currency that uses blockchain to trade and invest in gold. |
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From the time of Charlemagne until the 12th century, the silver currency of England was made from the highest purity silver available. |
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Coins from the British dependencies and territories that use the pound as their currency are sometimes found in change in other jurisdictions. |
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The Isle of Man is a unique case among the Crown Dependencies, issuing its own currency, the Manx pound. |
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The other British overseas territories do not use the pound as their official currency. |
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Spain introduced its decimal currency unit, the peseta, in 1868, replacing all previous currencies. |
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Australia, New Zealand and Rhodesia also chose ten shillings as the base unit of their new currency. |
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When exports are the only game in town, currency gyrations can be a killer. |
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In a 2003 referendum the Swedish electorate voted against the country joining the Euro currency. |
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Hatchet shaped copper currency was produced by the Peruvian people, in order to obtain valuables from pre Columbian Ecuador. |
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After the rule of king Charles the Simple, local dukes began issuing their own currency. |
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In 1999, the euro, the single European currency, was introduced in Flanders. |
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Volatility in fixed-income and currency markets led to temporary burdens from conservatively calculated remeasurements. |
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Still, some governments strive to keep their currency within a narrow range. |
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Economists warn that the crisis could destabilize the nation's currency. |
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He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. |
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Spreads on bond yields in a common currency today comove across emerging markets to a much higher degree than they did in the past. |
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Spangler went through his pockets, coming out with a handful of small coins, one piece of currency and a hard-boiled egg. |
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If England signs into the European single currency before 2020, I'll eat my hat. |
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Despite our cultural distaste for entomophagy, in recent years the idea that we should eat bugs has been gaining currency. |
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Indeed, currency would be more effective for not being gold and silver but fiduciary paper money. |
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On both sides they will confuse you by explaining that the Dutch gilder is the currency they prefer. |
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You heard of gold farming? Selling multiplayer online game currency for real cash? |
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In countries that accepted the gold standard, currency could be exchanged at a bank for a fixed weight of gold. |
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The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and is responsible for issuing notes and coins in the nation's currency, the pound sterling. |
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A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency. |
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The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. |
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In 1999 the currency union started, first as an accounting currency with eleven member states joining. |
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It was also a full economic union, replacing the Scottish systems of currency, taxation and laws regulating trade. |
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In order to maintain his enlarged military he debased the Roman currency drastically. |
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Danish currency is also legal tender and Denmark is responsible for the military defense. |
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Germany feared that the fiscal indiscipline of countries like Italy and Greece could make the new euro currency unstable. |
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A new coin, called the Awbridge silver penny, was issued in 1153 in an attempt to stabilise the English currency after the war. |
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And the effect of such notes, as inflaters of the currency, would be less than the effect of greenbacks. |
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Mary drafted plans for currency reform but they were not implemented until after her death. |
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The Habsburgs had been debasing their currency to pay for the war and prices exploded, just as they had in previous years in Austria. |
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The issue of the directive from the treasury prompted the central bank's most recent issue of currency. |
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The inflation was finally ended by Napoleon in 1803 with the franc as the new currency. |
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Such a European association would share the same principles of government, system of measurement, currency and Civil Code. |
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One concrete economic policy of recent years has been opposition to the European single currency. |
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The pound sterling, the currency of the United Kingdom, is globally the fourth most traded currency and the third most held reserve currency. |
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The pound sterling is the world's oldest currency still in use and which has been in continuous use since its inception. |
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It copied the denarius of the new currency system of Charlemagne's Frankish Empire. |
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This became the standard until the 20th century and is today known as sterling silver, named after its association with the currency. |
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The English currency was almost exclusively silver until 1344 when the gold noble was successfully introduced into circulation. |
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In the summer of 1966, with the value of the pound falling in the currency markets, exchange controls were tightened by the Wilson government. |
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As a member of the European Union, the United Kingdom could have adopted the euro as its currency. |
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Sterling is used as a reserve currency around the world and is currently ranked 3rd in value held as reserves. |
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Also, if a currency is revalued, the currency code's last letter is changed to distinguish it from the old currency. |
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The ISO standard does not regulate either the spacing, prefixing or suffixing in usage of currency codes. |
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Note that, as illustrated, the order is determined not by the currency, but by the native language of the document context. |
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The following is a list of active codes of official ISO 4217 currency names. |
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A number of currencies were official ISO 4217 currency codes and currency names until their replacement by the euro or other currencies. |
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Until relatively recently there was debate over whether or not the UK should abolish its currency Pound Sterling and join the Euro. |
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Conversely, category 2 products tend to trade close to the currency exchange rate. |
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If the prices of nontradables rise, the purchasing power of any given currency will fall in that country. |
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Pounds are official currency of the United Kingdom, but pence are often used when trading stocks. |
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Stable prices and confidence in the currency are the two main criteria for monetary stability. |
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A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates. |
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A central bank may use another country's currency either directly in a currency union, or indirectly on a currency board. |
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This income, derived from the power to issue currency, is referred to as seigniorage, and usually belongs to the national government. |
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Inflation is defined either as the devaluation of a currency or equivalently the rise of prices relative to a currency. |
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The currency component of the money supply is far smaller than the deposit component. |
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From 1972 until introduction of the Euro in 2008, the currency was the Maltese lira, which had replaced the Maltese pound. |
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An indigenous currency of silver punched marked coins dating between 600 BCE and 400 BCE has been found at the site. |
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These include more than 12,000 Roman currency coins which is the largest collective votive deposit known from Britain. |
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Despite his efforts, Baroque was never truly to the English taste and well before his death in 1724 the style had lost currency in Britain. |
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The European economy was dependent on gold and silver currency, but low domestic supplies had plunged much of Europe into a recession. |
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He believes that silver and gold, as opposed to paper money, are the appropriate currency for international transactions. |
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In the 1930s, Thomas Wright recounted that Ternan had unburdened herself with a Canon Benham, and gave currency to rumours they had been lovers. |
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In English the term acquired currency only in the 1940s, in the writings of Bukofzer and Paul Henry Lang. |
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As the world's 8th largest trading entity, its legal tender, the Hong Kong dollar, is the world's 13th most traded currency. |
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Ireland adopted the euro currency in 2002 along with eleven other EU member states. |
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The symbol appears in the island's official flag and official coat of arms, as well as its currency. |
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They are not legal tender within the UK but are legal currency backed by deposits at the Bank of England. |
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Governments often borrow money in a currency in which the demand for debt securities is strong. |
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Another major economic issue was the currency that would be used by an independent Scotland. |
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In June 2012, Alistair Darling said voters in the rest of the UK could choose not to be in a currency union with Scotland. |
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Former Prime Minister Sir John Major rejected the idea of a currency union, saying it would require the UK to underwrite Scottish debt. |
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If Scotland joined a currency union with the UK, some fiscal policy constraints could be imposed on the Scottish state. |
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Salmond said in February 2014 that an independent Scotland in a currency union would retain tax and spending powers. |
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The Scottish Socialist Party favoured an independent Scottish currency, pegged to sterling in the short term. |
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Other proponents of an independent Scottish currency included Yes Scotland chairman Dennis Canavan and former SNP deputy leader Jim Sillars. |
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The main currency of Jersey is the pound, although in many places the euro is accepted because of the location of the island. |
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Suppose also that inflation had halved the value of its currency over that period. |
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These results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of each country's currency. |
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Spanish pieces of eight minted in Mexico or Seville were the standard trade currency in the American colonies. |
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The Congress was ineffective, the Continental currency worthless, and the supply system was fundamentally broken. |
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For example, both postage stamps and currency were issued for the empire as a whole. |
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The currency reform in 1948 was headed by the military government and helped Germany to restore stability by encouraging production. |
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Tulip bulbs became so expensive that they were treated as a form of currency, or rather, as futures. |
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As a member of the Commonwealth, Lithuania retained its institutions, including a separate army, currency, and statutory laws. |
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The Bank of Canada is the sole authority authorized to issue currency in the form of Canadian bank notes. |
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On 6 December 2008 SICA announced an agreement to pursue a common currency and common passport for the member nations. |
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Furs might have served as a currency and may have been traded to some degree, but this is speculation. |
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Their shells have also been used as a form of currency in some preindustrial societies. |
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The most notable exception to the currency union, or eurozone, was the United Kingdom, which also did not sign the Schengen Agreement. |
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After the war, inflation began to devalue the Krone, which was still Austria's currency. |
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The purpose of the loan was to avert bankruptcy, stabilise the currency, and improve Austria's general economic condition. |
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In 1993, the government introduced a new national currency, the Moldovan leu, to replace the temporary cupon. |
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This was publicized on the Roman currency issued in 16 BC, after he donated vast amounts of money to the aerarium Saturni, the public treasury. |
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His economic program, which was rigorously efficient, maintained the Roman currency at a standard it would never again achieve. |
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After Alexander's death his economic policies were completely discarded, and the Roman currency was devalued. |
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Iceland had prospered during the course of the war, amassing considerable currency reserves in foreign banks. |
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It was considered essential to keep unemployment down and to protect the export fishing industry through currency manipulation and other means. |
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In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union heavily relied on fossil fuel exports to earn hard currency. |
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The shilling is a unit of currency formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, United States, and other British Commonwealth countries. |
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The solidus symbol is still used for the shilling currency unit in former British East Africa, rather than sh. |
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In 1967, New Zealand's currency was decimalised and the shilling was replaced by a ten cent coin of the same size and weight. |
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On the decimalisation of the currency in 1869, a shilling was deemed to be equivalent to 50 Ceylon cents. |
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After the United States adopted the dollar as its unit of currency and accepted the gold standard, one British shilling was worth 24 US cents. |
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Also in 1990 there was an attempt to reform the currency at 100 to 1, with new banknotes of 20 and 50 new shilin prepared for the redenomination. |
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Rival producers of the local currency, including autonomous regional entities such as the Somaliland territory, subsequently emerged. |
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The currency is not recognised as legal tender by the international community, and it currently has no official exchange rate. |
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In the 7th century they became a desirable circulating currency in Arabian countries. |
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A system of single weights and measures was introduced and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency. |
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Due to the adoption of the euro, when Greece experienced financial crisis, it could no longer devalue its currency to regain competitiveness. |
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The Panamanian currency is called the Balboa, and his likeness appears on the obverse of most Panamanian coins. |
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To guard against devaluation, the currency was convertible with silver and gold, and the government accepted tax payments in paper currency. |
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In 1287, Kublai's minister Sangha created a new currency, Zhiyuan Chao, to deal with a budget shortfall. |
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These costly invasions and conquests and the introduction of paper currency caused inflation. |
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The degree of proverbiality, or currency in oral tradition, attained by these exaggerations is difficult to assess. |
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From 1273 to 1276, war against the Song Dynasty and Japan made the issue of paper currency expand from 110,000 ding to 1,420,000 ding. |
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Persian Sassanid coins emerged as a means of currency, just as valuable as silk yarn and textiles. |
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Antwerp had one of the first money exchanges in Europe, a Bourse, where people could change currency. |
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Historically, most currency were in the form of bullion coins, silver and gold being the most common metals. |
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Some bullion coins have been used as currency throughout the 20th century, like the Maria Theresa thaler and the Krugerrand. |
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The idea that Richard Amerike was a 'principal supporter' of Cabot has gained popular currency in the 21st century. |
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However, the pataca was not the official currency when it was first enacted. |
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Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. |
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The economy is heavily reliant upon remittances from overseas Filipinos, which surpass foreign direct investment as a source of foreign currency. |
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President Miguel de la Madrid resorted to currency devaluations which in turn sparked inflation. |
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These prizes, worth the equivalent of millions of pounds in today's currency, motivated many to search for a solution. |
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The Yuan Dynasty was the first ancient economy, where paper currency, known at the time as Chao, was used as the predominant medium of exchange. |
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Some evidence also exists to suggest that other animals, such as camels and goats, may have been used as currency in some parts of the world. |
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One of the advantages of using cattle as currency is that it allows the seller to set a fixed price. |
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Pepper was so valuable that it was often used as collateral or even currency. |
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Philip took the title of King of Portugal, but otherwise the country remained autonomous, retaining its own laws, currency, and institutions. |
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The Spanish had been debasing their currency to pay for the war and prices exploded in Spain just as they had in previous years in Austria. |
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A few more extensive notes clarify Biblical names and units of measurement or currency. |
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