| Scientists have identified over 300 species of life, including fish, tubeworms, clams, and chemosynthetic bacteria living around these vents. |
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| It was only when the vent chemosynthetic ecosystems were discovered that the importance of hydrothermal vents was globally acknowledged. |
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| Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances. |
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| These organisms are referred to as chemoautotrophic, or chemosynthetic, as opposed to photosynthetic, organisms. |
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| But the chemosynthetic life forms swarming in the cracks of rock on the seafloor exceed the mass of all life on land. |
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| Mesozoic sponge mounds are essentially devoid of any important photosynthetic or chemosynthetic activity. |
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| Both ChEss and the Authority are concerned with the protection of chemosynthetic ecosystems found at hydrothermal vent sites from human impact. |
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| One of the most conspicuous groups of animals living in deep-sea chemosynthetic communities at hydrothermal vents are large vestimentiferan tube worms. |
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| Thus, the base of the deep-sea ecosystem's food chain may comprise both chemosynthetic and, probably in small proportion, photosynthetic bacteria. |
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| Seep communities are also based on microbial chemosynthetic primary production and share a few species and many genera with hydrothermal vent communities. |
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| In these locations, chemosynthetic archaea and bacteria typically form the base of the food chain. |
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| In the pharmaceutical industry, chemosynthetic polypeptides are the focus of attentions. |
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| Sites of venting may take the form of mud volcanoes or seeps and are often associated with chemosynthetic communities. |
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| These communities receive much less attention than the chemosynthetic communities associated with hydrothermal vents. |
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| The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy. |
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| Oceanographers have discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vents that support organisms, such as chemosynthetic bacteria, with heat and chemicals rather than sunlight-fuelled photosynthesis. |
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| An organism from this site holds the current record for the upper temperature limit to life: 121°C. Researchers strive to uncover secrets of the formation of Earth's tectonic plates and chemosynthetic food webs. |
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| Carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated by photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms and converted into carbohydrates through the process of autotrophy. |
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| Chemosynthetic communities thrive where cold fluids seep out of the forearc. |
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| Chemosynthetic communities, which may include mussels and tube worms, use chemical energy from inorganic chemicals instead of light energy to produce food. |
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