In pioneer studies, the genus was confused with some spire-bearing brachiopods because of its strophic outline and costate ribbing. |
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Thus, the origin of the mesoderm is clearly of the deuterostome type in phoronids and brachiopods. |
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Although mollusks, annelids, brachiopods, and sipunculans are closely related, the relationships between them are not well resolved. |
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Crinoids, together with brachiopods, dominated the Paleozoic sessile benthos. |
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Corals, conodonts, bivalves, brachiopods and cephalopods have comparable intracratonic distribution patterns. |
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Most such particles are echinoderm stem ossicles, brachiopods, bryozoans or other corals. |
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They were found in association with several other brachiopods as well as corals. |
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The biomineralized shells of trilobites, gastropods and brachiopods are preserved within the concretions. |
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The Discinids are a small long-lived group of inarticulate brachiopods with chitinophosphatic shells. |
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The Trimerellacea are a small group of quite large inarticulate brachiopods. |
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This small group of Linguliform inarticulate brachiopods includes only about 14 known genera. |
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The Brachiopoda for example, was present, but greatest diversity was shown by inarticulate brachiopods. |
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A good analog of the decrescent side is the interarea of brachiopods or the hinge area of bivalves. |
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The invasion was not limited to brachiopods but also included bryozoans, cephalopods, corals, bivalves, gastropods, trilobites, and crinoids. |
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Terebratulids are one of the only two living orders of articulate brachiopods, the other being the Rhynchonellida. |
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Billingsella in contrast has a laminar secondary shell characteristic of other, quite distinct, groups of articulate brachiopods. |
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The Atdabanian epoch saw the emergence of the calcareous shelled Nisusiidae, the earliest and most primitive of the articulate brachiopods. |
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Crinoids dominated volumetrically, but other common elements include sponges, brachiopods, bryozoans, gastropods, and corals. |
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The billingsellaceans may form the ancestral stock from which all the subsequent articulate brachiopods are believed to have been derived. |
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The richly fossiliferous Namurian bed is packed with both brachiopods and goniatites. |
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The brachidium is a structure which supports the lophophore, the feeding organ of brachiopods. |
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These include trilobites, clams, soft bodied and hard-bodied sponges, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, worms, snails, brachiopods, jellyfish, etc. |
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The brachiopods from the limestone unit are mostly preserved as shells, most with valves conjoined. |
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Conflicting evidence on the position of brachiopods in metazoan phylogeny exists. |
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In recent years Cambrian trilobites and brachiopods have been discovered in Bhutan, close to the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. |
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Some studies that dealt mostly with Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobites included descriptions of brachiopods. |
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Other faunal elements include colonial and solitary corals, encrusting bryozoans, stromatoporoids, and rare brachiopods. |
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Generally fast-growing bivalved molluscs originated in near-shore environments, and later joined slower growing brachiopods offshore. |
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A community of cryptobionts that included sphinctozoan sponges, bryozoans, crinoids, brachiopods, and corals occupied resulting crypts. |
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The entire fauna is typically shallow-marine, composed of crinoids, brachiopods, corals, and bryozoans. |
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The fossil content consists of ammonites, belemnites, brachiopods, echinoderms, bivalves, crinoids, gastropods, ostracodes and benthic foraminifers. |
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The articulate brachiopods, which would dominate the marine environment in the later Paleozoic, were still relatively rare and not especially diverse. |
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Molecular data sets indicate that lophophorate phyla are trochozoans but generally do not support grouping bryozoans with the phoronids and brachiopods. |
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The late Ordovician brachiopods have been monographed by Villas, who detected a genetic, but not very close, similarity with Armorican and Perunican faunas. |
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With the appearance of monographic descriptions of the brachiopods and bivalves, Licharew determined the age of these deposits to be Late Permian. |
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Bedding planes in the enclosing limestones do not bend around the nodules, and any brachiopods, corals, or other fossils that are in them have been silicified. |
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They include bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, gastropods, a possible monoplacophoran, nautiloids and a possible serpulid or microconchid. |
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Interspersed among the archaeocidarids are three less common echinoid species as well as occasional crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, and rare edrioasteroids and asterozoans. |
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At this locality, the two stricklandioid species occur mainly in yellowish green, thin-bedded, calcareous mudstone, associated with other brachiopods and rugose corals. |
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At the museum, Cooper worked in contact with U.S. Geological Survey paleontologists whose concerns were brachiopods and Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy. |
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Quasimodaspis, along with the inarticulate brachiopods that are the only other fossils so far recovered from this locality, was probably transported from a shallower facies. |
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The Ordovician is best known for the presence of its diverse marine invertebrates, including graptolites, trilobites, brachiopods, and the conodonts. |
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The intermediate-level benthos was dominated by sponges, corals, giant bivalves, giant brachiopods, stalked echinoderms and fixed dendroid graptolites. |
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These build-ups are made up of bryozoans, bivalves and coralline algae, accompanied by echinoids, brachiopods, barnacles, ahermatypic corals, serpulids and vermetids. |
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At Lawson Cove there are many collections that yielded trilobites, conodonts, organophosphatic brachiopods, and calcitic brachiopods, but no graptolites. |
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In contrast, brittle stars and brachiopods were dense in low-relief mixed rock but rare or absent in low-relief mixed sediment. |
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Since all brachiopods feed with lophophores, the feeding strategies of different species are similar. |
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Other allochems include endothyroid foraminifera, brachiopods, peloids, algae, and ostracodes. |
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It is replete with the mollusks, the vertebrates, the echinoderms, the brachiopods and some groups of arthropods. |
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This led to the extinction of carbonate producers such as brachiopods and corals that relied on dissolved calcite to survive. |
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Albany was also a world-renowned natural scientist who conducted much of his research on invertebrates including nudibranchs and brachiopods. |
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Permian marine deposits are rich in fossil mollusks, echinoderms, and brachiopods. |
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Invertebrates like brachiopods, gastropods, and molluscs were severely affected. |
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Morphology, taxonomic position and origin of the inarticulated brachiopods with the carbonate shell. |
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An Ordovician strophomenid brachiopod with encrusting inarticulate brachiopods and a bryozoan. |
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Phosphorus is bound in apatite of lingulate brachiopods Paterina and Mickwitzia and phosphatic pebbles. |
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Kriz noted that this succession is represented by two types of limestones, one bearing mainly brachiopods, the other one mainly trilobites. |
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Lingulate brachiopods represent a class of marine invertebrates existing from the Lower Cambrian to the present. |
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The nanofibrils are relevant structural units in the hierarchical structure of lingulate brachiopods with baculate shell structure. |
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This study concerns all infaunal brachiopods that possess an inarticulate, organo-phosphatic, linguliform shell. |
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Articulate brachiopods, in particular, largely replaced trilobites in shelf communities. |
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Small ostracods, sponge spicules, agglutinated foraminifers, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, fragments of conularids and bryozoans occur in the residues. |
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He determined that two of the most important and plentiful groups of marine animals 250 million years ago were corals and brachiopods, also called lamp shells. |
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This level coincides with a lithological boundary which is marked by a 2-3 cm thick layer of the black shale and numerous fragments of lingulate brachiopods. |
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Gravels range from pea-size to cobble and contain a variety of fossils including brachiopods, pelmatozoan stems, gastropods, ectoprocts, and corals. |
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More recent studies on invertebrates from the Maxville Limestone include rostroconchs, ostracodes, smaller foraminifera, trilobites, and brachiopods. |
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Based of the ecological study of various modern brachiopods, it is now commonly accepted that brachiopods have a separated inhalant and exhalant feeding mechanism. |
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The author and David Harper have collaborated since 1987 on a research program on Antillean brachiopods and crinoids in deep-water sedimentary deposits. |
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