| A dipole force of the standing wave generated by the laser focused the atom beam. |
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| Hence an atom consisting of a nucleus and nine electrons would require thirty measurements. |
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| The simplest amino acid is glycine which contains a hydrogen atom as its side group. |
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| The copper forms a square lattice with an oxygen atom bridging each pair of copper atoms. |
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| The molecules or anions attached to the central atom are called coordinating groups or ligands. |
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| When a particle or atom of antimatter comes into contact with a particle or atom of normal matter, both are annihilated and energy is released. |
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| One atom bomb had created as much ruin and misery as hundreds of airplanes had. |
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| This is caused by the movement of an atom or group of atoms from one position to another. |
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| Until now it has been impossible for scientists to detect every atom in the structure of protein molecules, which play a vital role in the body. |
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| Strand scission in DNA can result from the production of a carbon-based radical following hydrogen atom abstraction from deoxyribose. |
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| The instrument is able to measure isotopes at the individual atom level and does so by generating millions of volts of electricity. |
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| A radioactive atom used in nuclear medicine that shows radioactive disintegration and emits alpha and beta particles or gamma rays. |
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| Since it takes eight electrons to fill the electron shell, a silicon atom is continually looking for four electrons to bond with. |
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| If a single atom of the substance decays, it will activate a relay mechanism which trips a hammer. |
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| Before an atom's spin may be measured, however, it must be detected, and isolating an individual ultramicroscopic atom is a tricky endeavor. |
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| It then had a major impact on having quantum theory and the Bohr theory of the atom accepted by the British scientific community. |
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| By 1910 Ernest Rutherford and his collaborators at Manchester had interrogated an atom by bombarding it with heavier particles. |
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| Use hydrogen and halogens as terminal atoms and then use the least electronegative atom as the central atom. |
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| Some feared nanomachines might convert every atom on the planet into more nanobots, leaving the entire world made of small machines. |
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| The use of brominated or other heavy atom derivatives is a widespread theme in this Symposium in Print. |
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| Reactions of non-metallic elements to form covalent compounds are atom transfer reactions. |
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| A very similar effect is the Stark effect in which the atom is placed inside a strong electric field. |
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| Protons and neutrons are held together in a nucleus of an atom by the strong force. |
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| An electric field emanating from the charged red atom causes energy level shifts in the molecule, allowing current to flow. |
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| In fairness, any radiation that can ionize an atom can affect chemical changes in a substance. |
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| The third atom can detach from the ozone molecule and reattach to molecules of other substances, changing their chemical composition. |
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| In both theories, the PAD is calculated for an isolated chemisorbed atom or surface molecule complex. |
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| This process occurs when oxygen atoms bond to an iron atom at the center of a complex protein molecule known as oxyhemoglobin. |
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| Another group discussed comprises carbanionic synthons in which the carbon atom carries a singly bonded heteratom. |
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| Only an insignificant amount of the mass of the atom is associated with electrons, so the mass of the atom also stays essentially the same. |
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| The game required that players deduce the location of an atom bomb planted by terrorists before it exploded. |
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| Early models of the atom treated the atom as a solar system and used the idea of angular momentum conservation to explain its stability. |
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| But in intergalactic space, which accounts for most of the volume of the universe, there is less than one atom for every ten cubic meters. |
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| The atoms are arranged in a four-faced pyramidal structure with the silicon atom in the center. |
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| Simply, we're now able to copy an atom, duplicating everything about it except its position and velocity in a new atom somewhere else. |
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| The equipartition principle further predicts a measurable molar heat capacity for such an atom of 0.5R per degree of freedom. |
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| With the exception of hydrogen, an atom cannot use all its electrons to form bonds. |
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| History has shown how success can absterge even the sin of mass murder of innocent people by dropping atom bombs. |
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| The nucleus of the helium atom consists of four positive electrons with two negative electrons. |
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| In dehydration synthesis, a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group are removed from the reacting groups, forming water. |
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| It has an asymmetric carbon atom and therefore has levo and dextro isomers but is supplied as a racemic mixture for anesthetic use. |
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| An atom will have many frequencies, some at radio wavelength, some in the visible spectrum, and some in between the two. |
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| When this occurs, the electron shoots out of the atom and is called a beta particle, a type of radioactivity. |
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| As a result of the nucleon transformations, a new proton is left behind in the nucleus and the atomic number of the atom is raised by one. |
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| In every redox reaction, an atom must increase its oxidation state and an atom must decrease its oxidation state. |
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| Likewise, when an atom is reduced, it gains an electron and becomes more negative. |
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| In replicating his art, and offering the replica as art, the atom of the original artwork was split. |
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| Each atom has an unchanging shape and size and a changeable degree of motion or rest. |
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| Since the metrologists know the structure of the crystal, the volume occupied by an atom can be known. |
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| It is also possible for two orbitals on each atom to overlap, forming two molecular orbitals between the two atoms. |
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| In addition, it can also lead to daunting calculations as each atom contributes its orbitals to the whole molecule. |
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| Several researchers have tried to make better antioxidants by attaching a nitrogen atom to the carbon ring. |
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| Crystal lattices consist of repeating units of a molecule, ion, or atom arranged in a symmetrical array. |
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| The oxygen atom of an ether functional group has two lone pairs of electrons. |
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| In simulations it is possible to calculate atom density, mass density, and electron density profiles. |
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| As early as 1991 Japanese researchers discovered that carbon atoms can form tiny tubes whose walls are just one atom thick. |
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| As can be seen, each silicon atom bonds together with four of its neighbors to form a rigid crystal structure. |
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| Each radium atom is decaying into four more alpha-emitting radionuclides, creating in all 12,500 particles. |
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| Over the centuries, people have turned to steam, to coal, to oil, even to the atom for their energy. |
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| Bohr and Heisenberg are among the first to realize that in splitting the atom mankind has acquired the power to destroy itself. |
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| They showed us how to split the atom and harness nuclear fuel so that we might finally meet them as equals. |
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| Will they turn the awesome power of the atom upon themselves as we have done? |
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| Instead I just stood and stared at the sign and remembered their halcyon days when I loved them with every atom of my being. |
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| Was this, as I suspected in every atom of my being, a cooked sausage that just wasn't properly cooked? |
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| Every atom of me still wants to hold on to those childish beliefs that sometime in the future it will all be different. |
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| The FBI noted Einstein's fervent opposition to the dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
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| That October, he formally exposed the military's secret plan to develop an atom bomb. |
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| Like his fellow scientists, Teller initially saw the atom bomb not as a weapon but as a deterrent. |
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| In 1939 he wrote to President Roosevelt about the military potential of nuclear energy, greatly influencing the decision to build an atom bomb. |
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| The simple atom bomb owed its explosive power to the energy released by nuclear fission, or fusion. |
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| It is also the anniversary of the dropping of the first atom bomb on Hiroshima, to be followed by the bomb for Nagasaki. |
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| The blast was 600 times as violent as the Hiroshima atom bomb and shot a nuclear cloud more than 17 miles high into the air. |
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| He recalled, almost apologetically, how beautiful the atom bomb was, marveling at how every color imaginable burst forth upon detonation. |
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| Conversion is the first step in making enriched uranium that can be nuclear reactor fuel or atom bomb material. |
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| The Japanese surrendered after the United States used a powerful new weapon, the atom bomb. |
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| In 1943 he went to the United States to work on the development of the atom bomb at Los Alamos. |
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| The region occupied by some atomic orbitals is spherical with the nucleus of the atom at the center of the sphere. |
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| This device was originally used to map surfaces at the atomic level by using a single atom held at the tip of a probe. |
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| All substances occur in atomic form, each atom being eternal and indestructible. |
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| An atomic orbital is the region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron of a particular energy is most likely to be found. |
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| The most accurate atomic clocks available today use the cesium atom and the normal magnetic fields and detectors. |
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| Isotope is the term used for an atom of an element that differs in atomic mass from other atoms of the same element. |
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| The mass standard in the atomic world is set by one atom of the element carbon, which is defined to be 12 atomic mass units. |
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| The higher the atomic number, the more shells and electrons an atom will have. |
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| However, physicists soon built devices called particle accelerators, or atom smashers. |
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| Increasingly powerful atom smashers have as yet found no evidence of any additional fundamental forces beyond these four. |
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| Scientists at the European Center for Nuclear Research want to use their atom smasher to make mini-black holes to study Hawking Radiation. |
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| The atom smasher at CERN, outside Geneva, is barely able to make tiny samples of anti-hydrogen gas. |
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| Finally, you build an atom smasher and physically knock helium nuclei from some heavy atoms. |
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| Michigan State University is the site of a very powerful atom smasher, called a cyclotron. |
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| Electronegativity is a way to measure how much an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond. |
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| Electronegativity refers to the ability of an atom in a compound to attract electrons. |
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| In some such compounds, the hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group is neutralized by reaction with a base, to form the metal salt of the fatty acid. |
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| Now water contains hydrogen atoms, and the nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a tiny magnet. |
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| The boiling points decrease as the size of the electronegative atom decreases from hydrogen telluride to hydrogen sulfide. |
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| In 1857, he suggested that the carbon atom was tetravalent, that is, it could bond with four other atoms. |
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| Understanding the atom required a new kind of mechanics that operated through a new set of rules. |
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| Along with its atom stream turrets on port and starboard sides there are energy focusers to destroy anything under atmosphere. |
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| As only library rotamers are used for heavy atom conformers, these are near torsion minima and their torsion energies are set to zero. |
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| That distance varies from a few hundred nanometers to a few micrometers, depending on atom velocity. |
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| The same holds true for the bendlet and the otter and the wings of the crest and the atom and the shield itself. |
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| In fact, stripping an atom entirely of electrons has speeded up beta decay by a factor of a billion. |
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| The greatest challenge to mankind is not to split the atom or climb the highest mountain. |
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| Ask a New Zealander who split the atom and they'll tell you it was Ernest Rutherford. |
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| Our own Ernest Walton split the atom using something remarkably similar, but it all sounds so, well, physical, doesn't it? |
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| Einstein said that ever since the atom was split, the world has changed irrevocably, except the way we think. |
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| In other words, the radioactive atom has undergone a transmutation from one element to another. |
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| In an associative transition state a penta-coordinated phosphorus atom would be formed, in a dissociative transition a trigonal metaphosphate. |
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| In the nitro group, the central nitrogen atom is involved in both a double bond and a single bond. |
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| A carbon atom with two single bonds and one double bond carries a valence of four. |
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| When a metal is oxidized, it is converted from an uncharged atom to a cation by losing electrons. |
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| At the heart of these intermolecular interactions are weak bonds between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and an oxygen atom on another. |
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| Complex ions are ions that have a molecular structure consisting of a central atom bonded to other atoms by coordinate covalent bonds. |
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| In silica, each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms. |
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| When assigning priority to groups, atoms that are directly bonded to the carbon atom have their priority based upon their atomic number. |
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| Lewis's idea of stable, filled electron shells can be used to predict which atom is bonded to which other atom in a molecule. |
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| In addition, atom lasers may yield extremely precise gyroscope navigation for air and space travel. |
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| If the positive charge of the nucleus equals the negative charge of the electrons, the atom as a whole carries no charge. |
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| He creates a vacuum in a glass container, and places one atom of carbon into it. |
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| Addition reactions of inorganic molecules occur when an atom has more than one valence. |
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| A part of an atom is an electron and in some materials, like metal, atoms can have a few of these spare. |
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| Bond angles are calculated using the central atom as the vertex of the bond angle. |
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| If the sodium atom loses one electron and the chlorine atoms gains one, the ions will have stable octets. |
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| If the nucleus of the an atom has too few neutrons to be stable, however, positron emission occurs. |
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| First, he says, find an atom whose electronic and nuclear spins are particularly resistant to disturbance. |
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| His second discovery, the nuclear model of the atom, became the basis for how we see the atom today. |
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| An atom that has a specific number of neutrons and protons is referred to as a nuclide. |
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| The hydrogen atom was stable because the possible energy states of the electron in the atom are quantized by the rule. |
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| The partial negative charge on the oxygen atom makes it susceptible to acid catalysis. |
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| The size of the atom is defined not by hard boundaries but by how far the electron orbits reach. |
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| The light made the electrons in each atom oscillate back and forth from one side of the atom to the other. |
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| A negative oxidation state indicates that an atom can undergo reduction, i.e., gain electrons. |
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| Electrons are assigned to atoms in covalent and ionic compounds and the oxidation number of each atom is determined. |
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| The oxidizing agent causes the oxidation of an atom by receiving an electron from that atom and is itself reduced. |
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| Adding that third oxygen atom makes ozone a very pushy and highly obnoxious little molecule. |
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| In atom lithography, a stream of atoms is focused onto a surface by laser light that runs parallel to the surface. |
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| A chelate is a chemical compound in which one atom is enclosed within a larger cluster of atoms that surround it like an envelope. |
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| In aliphatic chemistry this is carried out as a substitution of a hydrogen atom in a group. |
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| In the case of the ionic compound magnesium chloride, the magnesium atom has two electrons more than a full shell. |
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| For ionically bonded compounds, the oxidation state of an atom is equal to the ionic charge of the atom. |
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|
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| Finally, we consider the effect of the coordination number of the heme iron atom. |
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| It is polar, that is the oxygen atom has a negative electrical charge while the two hydrogen atoms are positive. |
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| The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, Na-Cl is ionic, and the C-C bond is pure covalent with each atom sharing the bonding electrons equally. |
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| The S atom in this side chain also helps polarize the C-H bond more than other methyl C-H bonds. |
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| In addition, fluorination could profoundly affect the electron density of the sulfur atom. |
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| The contributions included in the fitting are described in the following in order of increasing distance from the Zn atom. |
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| These rules are the result of assigning all electrons in a covalent bond to the more electronegative atom in the bond. |
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| The term alkyl refers to the hydrocarbon functional group derived formally by the loss of a hydrogen atom from the alkane. |
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| Whether this interference delays or advances the phase of the waves depends on the properties of the atom and the frequency of the wave. |
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| The nature and strength of these interactions depends on the types atom groups or functional groups that comprise the molecules. |
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| Because of this additional oxygen atom, cyanic acid has an extremely low toxicity to livestock and fish, as opposed to hydrocyanic acid. |
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| They hypothesize that four hydrogen atoms fuse with each other in a series of reactions to form a single helium atom. |
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| Nanotubes are hollow cylinders of pure carbon that are just one atom thick. |
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| The C5 atom of cytidine bears a substantially larger negative charge than many nitrogen atoms in popular nucleic acid force fields. |
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| The propyl group is a functional group derived from propane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. |
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| It was like looking at the evenly spaced energy levels of electrons in an atom. |
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| The ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom. |
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| Electric current is the movement of electrons from one atom to another in a conductor. |
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| This means that an atom with eight electrons in its outermost energy level is very stable. |
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| For example, two electrons in an atom may differ in orbital angular momentum or in spin direction. |
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| It exists when the electrons of the atom are occupying the orbitals of lowest energy. |
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| The outer shell of an oxygen atom holds six outer electrons, though it has room for eight. |
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| The less electronegative atom will have a partial positive charge since the shared electrons spend less time near it. |
|
| Atomic physics involves specifically investigations into the electronic parts of the atom. |
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| There is one type of bonding called electrovalent bonding where an ion from one atom is transferred to another atom. |
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| Because of the different number of elementary particles in the atom the element is an isotope. |
|
| When my kids were in elementary school 40 years ago they were taught to hide under desks in case of an atom bomb attack. |
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| An optical lattice is able to trap an atom because the electric fields of the lasers induce an electric dipole moment in the atom. |
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| By finding the energies of the excited states of a hydrogen atom, we can get an insight into the electromagnetic forces that bind it together. |
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| Colors of light are related to the effects exerted on the valence electron of an excited atom. |
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| Just as an excited atom can dispose of its excess energy by emitting x rays, an excited nucleus can emit gamma rays. |
|
| Similarly, vacuum fluctuations cause an excited atom to fall into its ground state. |
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| As the energy levels in the excited hydrogen atom decrease, the electron returns to lower energy orbitals closer to the nucleus. |
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| The reducing agent causes the reduction of an atom by donating an electron and is itself oxidized. |
|
| For example ethanol loses two hydrogen atoms to give ethanal and when an oxygen atom is added to this the product is ethanoic acid. |
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| The analytical expression for the atomic emission spectrum is obtained from the two-time dipole-moment correlation function of the atom. |
|
| I have yet to meet a Canadian presbyter or bishop who will even broker the point, let alone agree to one atom of it. |
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| But every single atom of a radioisotope advertised its presence when it decayed, since the radiation could be detected with a Geiger counter. |
|
| Compounds in which two hydroxyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom normally cannot be isolated. |
|
| Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that takes a hydrogen atom from an alcohol molecule. |
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|
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| Bohr realized that the idea of a quantum of energy could explain how the electrons in the atom are arranged. |
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| The quaternary nitrogen atom in lycobetaine plays an important role in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the compound and the oligonucleotide. |
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| The delay between the time that the atom absorbs the photon and the excited atom releases as photon causes it to appear that light is slowing down. |
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| The trigonal planar arrangement of the groups around the carbonyl carbon atom enables the carbon atom to be relatively open to attack from above, or below. |
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| On average, how much time will pass before a radioactive atom decays? |
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| Special kinds of chemical formulas, called molecular formulas, are used to represent the kinds of atoms and the number of each kind of atom in a molecule. |
|
| America rose up and rebelled, and then expanded in power until it tipped the balance during World War One and harnessed the power of the atom to win World War Two. |
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| A conjugated system of electrons is termed alternant if its atoms can be divided into two sets so that no atom of one set is directly linked to any other atom of the same set. |
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| The oxidation state of any atom in an uncombined element is equal to zero. |
|
| Uranium is enriched to make fuel for power reactors, but the same process also is used to make the explosive core of atom bombs. |
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| The experiment found that the type of atom made no difference to the outcome, perfectly in line with the equivalence principle. |
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| The negatively charged electrons circle round the atomic nucleus and thus take up most of the volume of the atom. |
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| If an electric field is applied to an atom, the electron cloud is displaced a distance relative to the nucleus which consists of positive charges. |
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| The high sensitivity of these superconductors to oxygen is due to the apparent ease with which that atom can move in and out of the crystal lattice. |
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| The molecular geometry around an atom depends upon the number of bonds to other atoms and the presence or absence of lone pairs of electrons associated with the atom. |
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| The structure of the atom is generally conceived to be that of a rigid nucleus composed of positive electrons, or of positive and negative electrons tightly bound together. |
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| The atom that gains electrons gains a negative charge, becoming an anion. |
|
| When we must be even more specific, we define the size of an atom in terms of its atomic radius, which is one-half the distance between the two nuclei in two adjacent metal atoms. |
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| Each electron carries one unit of negative charge, and there is the same number of electrons as protons, so the atom as a whole is electrically neutral. |
|
| Bacteria that can break down chlorinated compounds have been known for years, but none that could remove the last chlorine atom to complete the detoxification. |
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| Near to a nucleus an electron must experience a potential due primarily to that nucleus so that near to a nucleus a molecular orbital must closely resemble an atomic orbital of the appropriate atom. |
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| In covalent compounds the valence of an atom may be less obvious. |
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| The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom explained the atomic emission spectrum of hydrogen, which is the simplest emission spectrum among all the elements. |
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| Immaculata, 19 years old and high-strung, appears at my bedroom door, hands on hips and nostrils flaring, every atom of her quivering with melodrama. |
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| Every particle, every atom of me is alive in some way I cannot explain. |
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| A more illustrative example of the origin of that common usage from the history of physics might be the use of the concept of a quantum jump in the Bohr model of the atom. |
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| She says that the Supreme One is present in every atom of this world. |
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| Leibniz, meanwhile, believed every atom in the universe to have a soul, the universe being a projection through them of God's will, like a cosmic hologram. |
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| I feel with every atom of my body that it's untrue and wrong. |
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| His hour-long presentation in the curling lounge at the Omniplex proved helpful to many people attending including Chad Anker, an atom level coach from Calgary. |
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| An atom with this stable set of electrons is a very unreactive species. |
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| Britain developed its own atom bomb to remain a great power and avoid complete dependence on the United States, which was refusing to share atomic information. |
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| As early as Truman, who refrained from using the atom bomb in Korea, the Americans realised the use of nuclear weapons was too awful to contemplate. |
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| It possesses an asymmetric carbon atom in its structure and is provided as the levo isomer. |
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| No prize had been awarded in physics since 1930, yet recent theoretical and experimental achievements had led to a revolutionary new quantum-mechanical depiction of the atom. |
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| Subsequent studies of the atom were divided into investigations of the electronic parts of the atom, atomic physics, and investigations of the nucleus itself, nuclear physics. |
|
| The physicist Joseph Rotblat was the only scientist to leave the project that developed the atom bomb, the Manhattan Project, for reasons of personal conscience. |
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| For example, any discovery, whether it be the wheel, the printing press, or the atom bomb, cannot be neatly labeled and filed away in the pages of an encyclopaedia. |
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| An atom will bond with another in order to satisfy the octet rule. |
|
| Carbon-14 atoms are created when cosmic rays from the sun collide with atoms in the atmosphere. Learn about carbon-14 atoms and carbon-14 atom creation. |
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| Consequently, the more electronegative atom has a partial negative charge. |
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| Gamma rays are high energy photons, often emitted together with beta or alpha radiations when the transformation has left the atom with excess energy. |
|
| An atom is essentially an electric dipole that can interact with the electromagnetic field of a light beam. |
|
| After the turn of the century, changes in the model of the atom led to an awareness of a relationship between the atomic mass and the number of particles in the nucleus. |
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| The atom that loses electrons gains a positive charge, becoming a cation. |
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| It is also apparent that it thinks more about rocketry and atom bombs than about the production of sufficient food. |
|
| Chlorine, oppositely, adds a chlorine atom to or substitutes a chlorine atom from the substance it reacts with. |
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| This standard was adopted internationally in 1961, replacing an arbitrarily assigned value of 16.000 amu for the atomic mass of an atom of oxygen. |
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| That friction-like drag slowed the moving cloud of atoms to a standstill, although each atom continued to move randomly near its place in the array. |
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| This fire or latent heat causes the atom to revolve and through the subsequent momentum to repulse other atoms. |
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| The pattern of diffracted rays and their intensity are determined from the arrangement of atoms and number of electrons on each atom in the crystal. |
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| When this happens, the atom will decrease its mass by ejecting part of its nucleus. |
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| This is one of many cases in which coordination to a metal atom stabilizes an otherwise unstable molecule. |
|
| The ethical atom bomb known as the sponsorship scandal caused many Canadians to lose their trust in elected officials. |
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| Putting it into historical context, if Mr. Milosevic had had the atom bomb, we wouldn't be there. |
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| Effective and deadly, chemical weapons soon became the poor man's atom bomb. |
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| It tells me that the next Mr. Milosevic is going to make sure before he moves that he has an atom bomb. |
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| It is natural to be afraid, and our fears may range from the atom bomb to the unknown. |
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| That too is enormous progress, because to put it bluntly, it takes more than an atom bomb to wage war. |
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| What is needed is a political commitment to an effort on a scale of the Manhattan Project to produce the first atom bomb. |
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| The quantum phase gate makes it possible to entangle the atom and the field. |
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| An equivalent amount of energy would be necessary to split the atom apart. |
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| At the second and third carbon atoms, instead of a full complement of hydrogens, each carbon atom would have a methyl group substituting one of the carbons. |
|
| Raithel's work suggests that the first few free electrons are not produced by Rydberg atom collisions but when Rydberg atoms are photoionized by black-body radiation. |
|
| A first study concerned the possibility of detecting gravitational waves using a space-borne gyroscope based on atom interferometry. |
|
| By a quirk of physics, the fission atom splits most readily if the bombarding neutrons are going quite slowly. |
|
| This solar-system atom is so intuitively pleasing, such a neat schematization of the atom's anatomy, that it has become one of science's universal icons. |
|
| An atom hockey team applied for sanctioning of a tobogganing day for their team party. |
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| Once the neutron has lost most of its energy, it can be captured by an atom and this newly formed atom may give off a high energy gamma ray. |
|
| Down to the last atom and particle, the universe is evidence of his all-encompassing wisdom. |
|
| But it sounded like an atom bomb going off! KM: You took a small part in his recent film The Libertine, didn't you? |
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| Another way: The atom gains its force due to the Devas of Rudras, and the atom gains density at the material level. |
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| It is placed on a perch with a red sphere representing an atom to its right as if to suggest the perfect balance. |
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| When no atom is detected on the path to a star, this means that only a very hot vacuum exists. |
|
| As part of their research work, the physicists from IRRMA used quantum theory to simulate a copper atom surrounded by 50 water molecules. |
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| In contrast, see how easily he who puts into practice even an atom of my teachings is transformed. |
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| The atom was key to the development of countries lacking in energy resources. |
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| This results in graphene ribbons of the thickness of a single atom that are one nanometre wide and up to 50 nm in length. |
|
| Like a diner spearing a morsel of food with the tine of a fork, researchers have used the tip of a microscopic needle to lift a single atom from a surface and then replace it. |
|
| Although in each molecule there are three hydrogen atoms bonded to the central nitrogen atom, the nitrogen atom also carries a lone electron pair. |
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|
|
| Even if all the nations of the earth were to band together and single-mindedly build the biggest atom smasher in all history, it would still not be enough to test the theory. |
|
| If even a single atom of the substance decays during the test period, a relay mechanism will trip a hammer, which will, in turn, break the vial and kill the cat. |
|
| A face in a sea of faces, how could you know he hid among them like Oppenheimer, building a lab to split the atom. |
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| The oxidation number of an atom in an elemental substance is zero. |
|
| One example of the use of hydrogen atom transfer in organic synthesis is hydrogenation, i.e. the addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond. |
|
| The gadolinium and lutetium exceptions result in a marked increase in radius compared to the slight decrease in metal atom radius for the other elements. |
|
| During one acting class, when the students were asked to pretend to be chickens under a falling atom bomb, everybody clucked frantically and raced around the room. |
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| Each type of atom and molecule has its own unique spectrum, according to the rules of quantum mechanics. |
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| Put simply, if a moving atom collides with a photon coming in the opposite direction with the appropriate energy, the atom will be knocked back and slowed down. |
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| If the hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom that is itself bound to three other carbon atoms then the resultant alcohol is a tertiary alcohol. |
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| The term is also sometimes used for compounds in which a nitrogen or other non-metallic atom of an organic group is directly bonded to a lithium atom. |
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| You'll then have to use that information to answer questions regarding the number of protons, neutrons, electrons or nucleons that an atom of that element contains. |
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| An organometallic compound is an organic compound in which a metal atom is attached directly to a carbon, with the exclusion of metallic salts of organic acids. |
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| These left-over electrons are the ones farthest from the nucleus and because of this they will determine the chemical interactions of the atom with other atoms. |
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| When an atom or ion is in its ground state, the electrons spend a lot more time close to the nucleus than they do when the atom is in an excited state. |
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| In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation. |
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| Another significant aspect of this breakthrough is the fact that only one electron from the atom is needed to turn molecular conductivity on or off. |
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| When one atom transfers electrons to another, it is called ionic bonding. |
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| In order to fuse two hydrogen nuclei together, though, we must force another proton into the hydrogen atom within a distance of 1 fermi from the atom's proton. |
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| Three categories that encompass all these different redox reactions are atom transfer redox reactions, electron transfer reactions, and disproportionation reactions. |
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| When a photon strikes the PV cell it ionises a silicon atom, transferring all its energy to an outer electron and allowing that electron to break free from the silicon atom. |
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| In quartz, each silicon atom is coordinated to four oxygen atoms. |
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| The aim of nanotechnology is to manipulate molecules atom by atom, treating them like mechanical devices with gears, wheels, levers, hooks, pivots, locks and keys. |
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| The science and techniques of the atom also have a key role to play away from the field of energy. |
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| For example, HCl comprised of the atom Hydrogen and Chlorine is polar. |
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| It is unpredictable, and it is the equivalent of splitting the atom on the molecular level, and we all know what harm nuclear technologies have wrought. |
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| Then your scientists stumbled upon the atom bomb, split the atom. |
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| We can split the atom and land a rocket on Mars, but sanity and civilization are a delicate edifice of reason over a maelstrom of envy, insecurity, and terror. |
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| Binding energy. A general term that refers to the minimum energy required to remove a proton or a neutron or an electron from an atom. |
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| Quantum mechanics dictates that the electrons can only have certain energy levels, and when an atom gets hot, transitions between these levels start to occur. |
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| The forces between an atom and its neighbours may be different in different directions, and thus we may find that no effective value of atomic radius can be found. |
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| On the next day, an order was issued to the United States Strategic Air Command, requesting it to put bombers on standby for an immediate atom bomb attack in the Far East. |
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| The vial will be broken if a certain atom undergoes a radioactive decay. |
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| This radioactive decay continues until the atom changes to a stable form. |
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| Can he now unclench the fist that most threatens the world that of Iran, which most people believe has for years been trying to develop an atom bomb? |
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| When the number of protons changes, an atom of a different chemical element is created. |
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| It is necessary to transmute molecular material into electronic material and cause the fission of the atom to liberate the sacred fire that converts us into divine spirits. |
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| A sharp burst of laser light striking an atom can yank away an electron, ionizing the atom. |
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| And those examples are a molecule in the atom bomb of the Internet. |
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| Then they placed a single atom of rubidium in the cavity to function as a security guard. |
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