| We made an effort to control for the possible confounding effects of spatial heterogeneity, apparency, and phenology. |
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| This is also related to the plant apparency hypothesis, which states that a plant will invest heavily in broadly effective defenses when the plant is easily found by herbivores. |
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| Overall, these data indicate that TPS10 expression may have altered the relative attractiveness or apparency of TPS10 plants, with results depending strongly on plants' neighbors. |
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| The defense responses include indirect defenses, which like the pollinator interaction involve changing the apparency of the plant, albeit to predators of the herbivores. |
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| The alleged contradiction here is founded upon the following superficial apparency. |
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