How to use RNA in a sentence

Looking for sentences and phrases with the word RNA? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples Three main classes of RNAs involved in protein synthesis include messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. However, the agent little affected the hemagglutination and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities of these viruses in vitro. Equal amounts of each RNA were mixed, denatured, and annealed by slow cooling. Another difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA contains ribose, rather than deoxyribose. During balanced growth, cells undergoing binary fission must double the number of every kind of RNA and protein molecule every cell cycle. Amino acids are the compounds of which proteins are made, and nitrogen bases are one of the building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Single RNA chains might well be formed upon singlestranded DNA templates using the base pairing rules of doublehelical DNA. Black spots represent the other DNA and RNA transposable elements described for different Drosophila species. The presented study has revealed single-molecule dissociation data for RNA molecules of increasing structural complexity. Such a structural change in the initiation complex can result from direct contacts between the transcription factor and RNA polymerase. To allow for the next round of transcription initiation RNA polymerase has to translocate about 60 base pairs. Prions do not contain DNA or RNA as do fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, or any other previously known infectious entities. Protein and RNA syntheses were examined during hyphal germ tube emergence from sporangiospores of a dimorphic phycomycete, Mucor racemosus. Of these, a few are transcribed, including clusters of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and histone genes. Subsequently, recombination was also shown to be stimulated by RNA polymerase II-driven transcription. A protein binding to the promoter region could cause steric occlusion and prevent RNA polymerase from initiating transcription. Thymine, present in DNA, and uracil, present in RNA, also contribute to this band. For gel blot analysis, 10 g of total RNA was applied to each lane and separated by electrophoresis. Thus, only transcripts of the reporter gene at the L region generated a hybridizable RNA product. Comparisons of rotifer SL RNA sequences with those of nonnematode species, e.g., cestode or larvacean, showed no similarity. Show More Sentences Like most RNA viruses they accumulate mutations very fast, and the way the virus RNA replicates itself facilitates frequent recombination. During translocation the elongation complex moves along the DNA double helix carrying an RNA chain of increasing length. When the resting cells are stimulated, they begin multiplying again, synthesizing RNA and protein. Codon bias allows mRNA transcripts to be translated more quickly and accurately through efficient use of the transfer RNA pool. Total RNA derived from dorsal and ventral skin was reverse transcribed using random hexamer primers and MMLV-reverse transcriptase. The DNA sequences used were isolated from either plasma RNA or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A gene, by the way, is a portion of DNA responsible for encoding messenger RNA for translation into protein. The content of RNA in the solution was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis. The ribsome transits along the messenger RNA as the protein is built, releasing the deacylated tRNA through an exit site. The more RNA segments that attach to a gene, the more that gene will glow or fluoresce, which is called gene expression. This hantavirus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family of RNA viruses, is transmitted by its reservoir host Peromyscus maniculatus, the deer mouse. Depending upon the site of transcription, the calcitonin gene yields an RNA that synthesizes calcitonin or calcitonin-gene related peptide. The cell uses a related nucleic acid called RNA to construct a working copy of that strand. There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, both of which are suitable for the transfer of information. Messenger RNA molecules are templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. For the Northern Great Plains, outbreaks of this rogue RNA molecule in winter wheat can mean big losses. The gene that is responsible for the worms' mutation manufactures a small, stable strand of RNA that is not translated into a protein. In RNA editing, specific nucleotides within the sequences of messenger RNA transcripts are modified during or after splicing. Complementary DNA was made from messenger RNA using reverse transcription with a polydT primer. It is also possible that small RNAs and RNA interference play a role in gene silencing in polyploids. Show More Sentences In the third step, an RNA oligo that carries two primer sites is ligated to the decapped mRNA by T4 RNA ligase. The nucleosides are better models for the bases in DNA and RNA because the sugar moiety eliminates tautomers that cannot occur in the polymers. This package contains a number of substitution models for nucleotides and RNA base pairs. First-strand cDNA was synthesized with an oligo primer from total RNA extracted from scutella of germinating seeds. Once integrated with the host's genetic material, the DNA version of the retroviral RNA is called a provirus. Segmentation of the RNA genome is a feature shared by a variety of animal, plant, and bacterial viruses. These stages include transcription, posttranscriptional processing, translation, and messenger RNA degradation. In addition to markers from the linkage map, we also probed karyotypes with ribosomal RNA gene sequences and 4 of the 12 ungrouped markers. Molecular diagnostics is a branch of clinical diagnostics that uses primarily DNA or RNA as a biomarker for clinical testing. It is commonly known that a biopolymer like RNA must fold into a precise three-dimensional conformation for it to properly function. The mouse lymphoma cells were treated for 4 or 24 h and the cells were harvested for RNA isolation at the end of the treatment. The system relies on short DNA sequences in bacterial messenger RNA that bind selectively to a specific small molecule. Negative controls used equivalent amounts of RNA not subjected to reverse transcription. Recently we and others have used double-stranded RNA interference to generate null phenocopies of specific genes in Drosophila. These complexes regulate the interaction of RNA polymerases and DNA elements within promoters. The RNA polymerase binds to DNA with the help of other proteins called transcription factors. This conclusion was reached prior to the discovery of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, or the mechanism of translation. It has been reported that lanthanides are able to bind to DNA, RNA and nucleotides in vitro. According to the RNA polymerase partition model two interconvertible populations of RNA polymerase exist in the cell. When a worm dines on one of these microbial strains, the microbe's RNA is freed to turn off the corresponding worm gene. Show More Sentences Before the extraction of RNA and flavour compounds, samples were deseeded and powdered under liquid nitrogen using a blender. This is where the cell decides which genes are to be transcribed into messenger RNA, which then serves as an instruction to make proteins. The capability of specific interaction with both DNA and RNA is not restricted to the zinc finger family of proteins. The detection of viral RNA in a respiratory sample suggests a viral contribution to respiratory symptomatology and pathology. The presence of the histones and CpG methylation most affect accessibility of the chromatin to RNA polymerases and transcription factors. Presumably, this 22-bp sequence was present on the RNA template used for reverse transcription. We extracted poly-A tailed messenger RNA separately from the planarian head portion and the body portions. Gene order changes involving protein-encoding and ribosomal RNA genes are rare events within most animal phyla. Almost all eukaryotes have multiple copies of their nuclear ribosomal RNA cistrons, arranged in a long tandem array. Both subunits are composed of long RNA strands complexed with ribosomal proteins. We also prepared primer pairs for the 18S ribosomal RNA gene to use as an internal control. Motors, such as RNA polymerases and ribosomes, produce trailing strands of mRNA and protein, respectively. Thus transcribing RNA polymerases and ribosomes may all be bound to the same RNA molecule while marching in the same direction. They placed the DNA copy between two ribozymes, RNA molecules that have enzymatic function and can cleave RNA sequence at specific locations. The vectors were linearized and transcribed with a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Once the DNA is converted back into RNA, the introduced mutations will occur in the genome of the RNA virus. Hepatitis A infection, caused by an RNA virus in the picornavirus family, is the most common cause of hepatitis in the United States. The unmodified polynucleotides may be DNA, RNA or synthesized oligonucleotides. For single bulges in RNA oligonucleotides, the conformation usually depends on the nature of the flanking base pairs. The RNA was treated with DNase to remove residual DNA and then it was reverse transcribed also as previously described. Show More Sentences Orn was shown by in vitro analysis to be an exonuclease specific for RNA molecules shorter than five nucleotides in length. The top aqueous phase was pipetted into a fresh tube, and RNA was precipitated with 0.5 ml isopropanol. The plum pox virus itself is little more than a filament of RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Thus, a single-pass DNA sequence derived from RNA is a reliable source for quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was the first RNA molecule to be shown to have a catalytic activity and has since been studied in great detail. Early attempts to assess and describe the flexibility of polymeric ssDNA and RNA were hampered by the inability to obtain monodisperse samples. West Nile virus is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus with antigenic similarities to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. One to two days after fungal mycelia reached the plant stem, all leaves were collected for RNA extractions. During its path along the template, RNA polymerase may encounter positions where it hesitates and pauses for a variable period of time. Total RNA isolation and Northern analysis were performed according to standard protocols. Samples from all the treatments were harvested at the indicated times and total RNA isolation was performed. This view was reinforced by the elucidation of Z DNA and Z RNA structures, where the syn purines are mostly guanines. Promoter sequences promote the ability of RNA polymerases to recognize the nucleotide at which initiation begins. When the plants were mature, virally infected streaks were excised for RNA extraction. The primase utilizes the DNA strands as templates and synthesizes a short stretch of RNA generating a primer for DNA polymerase. Gene therapy is also making use of catalytic RNA through the construction of ribozymes. The helical segments were presumed to be elements of stem-loop structures formed when the RNA was condensed and encapsidated by the protein. The one strand of RNA is annealed with its complementary strand of DNA, which causes the other strand of DNA to be displaced from the helix. Retroviruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses have all been used as vehicles for RNA interference constructs. It is difficult to identify a gene from a genomic sequence unless a messenger RNA from of the gene has been previously isolated, according to Fannon. Show More Sentences The growing RNA chain still attached to the polymerase is a target for translating ribosomes or polyribosomes which are engaged in the synthesis of proteins. Total RNA was extracted from leaves, tillers, young panicles, leaf sheaths, hulls, and anthers of rice using the hot phenol method as previously described. We will provide the job-holder with opportunities to develop their skills and knowledge by excellent training opportunities in the field of RNA biology. These drugs interfere with the double helix zip-unzip-zip-again process of RNA and DNA replication. In fact, densitometric analysis of the mle RNA and the control rRNA in males and females revealed that females contain about seven times more mle RNA than males. For each RNA isolate we performed several control experiments involving amplification reactions on DNA templates and RNA templates prior to reverse transcription. It is thus interesting to consider how these intrinsic differences between protein and RNA chemistries impact the nature of how these molecules fold. The polymerase chain reaction assay, branched DNA assay and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay quantitate human immunodeficiency virus RNA levels. Poised in the twilight zone between the living and the nonliving, a virus is just a short strand of DNA or RNA coiled tightly inside a shell made of protein molecules. Sugars are vital components of life, e.g. the 5-carbon sugars ribose and deoxyribose are part of the skeletons of our information storage molecules, RNA and DNA respectively. Total RNA preparations were made as described in Ashburner, except that tissues were homogenized directly, without previous grinding in liquid nitrogen. The intactness of RNA was monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA is transcribed into an intermediary called RNA, which ferries the genetic message out to the ribosomes, where it is translated into a protein chain. Like the AIDS virus, it uses RNA and not DNA to replicate itself. Precocious foragers-bees stimulated to forage early-also have significantly higher brain levels of the gene's messenger RNA and four-fold higher levels of the enzyme. Leaf discs and the unpollinated pistils of unopened flower buds from both the control and HTS-treated plants were also collected for total RNA extraction. Direct evidence for RNA circularization is shown in this illustration. Many were either in untranslated regions of the gene's messenger RNA transcript or in regions that are spliced out before the message is translated into protein. The skin excretes RNase, which cuts up the RNA in RNA-based viruses. Gene sequencing showed that it was derived from the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus by the loss of a sizeable chunk of RNA from one of its genes. Show More Sentences It is a highly contagious viral infection mainly transmitted by droplets caused by single stranded RNA virus belonging to genus morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Combining a nanopore with an active voltage control technique permits the detection of hundreds of individual DNA or RNA molecules in a time-efficient manner. This is usually to their advantage because when you're infected with an RNA virus its frenzied mutations allow it to change quickly and so evade the immune system. So too with a vaccine that provokes a specific immune response aimed at a specific RNA sequence. Synthetic small interfering RNA molecules can be introduced into cells by using reagents such as cationic lipids to promote uptake across the cell membrane. The DNase-treated RNA was precipitated, quantitated and aliquoted. Rabies, an RNA virus, is most commonly transmitted by animal bites. Exons were assigned by comparison of messenger RNA and genomic sequences. Using the known HCV RNA concentrations for the four calibrators and the determined ratios, establish a standard curve relating measured peak ratio to HCV viral load. Here, the blockage of RNA prevents extra amyloid from being produced by targeting its precursor protein and making less of it. In contrast to the phage polymerases, RNA polymerases from higher organisms have a much more complex subunit structure than the bacterial enzymes. Laboratory diagnosis is primarily by serology, although antigen detection in tissue by immunohistochemistry and amplification of any RNA in blood and tissue can be used. After genetic information from DNA is transferred to messenger RNA, the mRNA data is transferred to the protein during what is called translation. The other important proteins include the nucleoprotein closely associated with the helical RNA, phospho-protein P, matrix protein M, and L protein. The virus itself is a spherical enveloped virion, between 80 and 160 nm diameter, and has single stranded RNA of about 30 kilobases, the largest genome of all ssRNA viruses. This view has been strengthened by the discovery that some forms of RNA, called ribozymes, can act like non-protein enzymes to catalyze biological reactions. Only a viral quasispecies population-based process can provide such a diffuse but precoordinated network of integrating RNA agents. All picornaviruses are small icosahedrally-symmetric non-enveloped viruses that possess single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. Hepatitis A, a naked RNA virus, is a member of Picornaviridae family Hepatovirus genus, transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Fragile-X mental retardation protein is a protein involved in ferrying RNA transcripts to polyribosomes located at sites of protein synthesis. Show More Sentences The RNA was converted to complementary DNA using a complementary DNA synthesis kit with both oligo and random hexamer primers. Allelespecific germ cell epimutation in the spacer promoter of the 45S ribosomal RNA gene after Cr exposure. They hope to answer this question by analyzing the RNA and DNA of breast tumors from women from Ibadan, Nigeria, and the Chicago South Side. The first generation BNA has good RNA binding affinity and fair stability to exonucleases. Our goal will be to understand the misrelated RNA networks in Amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis, a common neuromuscular disorder. Viral RNA distribution and accumulation was estimated by hybridization and densitogram analysis as described above. The approach taken is to electrophorese the RNA sample on an agarose gel under denaturing conditions. In 1956, Crick wrote an informal paper about the genetic coding problem for the small group of scientists in Gamow's RNA group. Total RNA was isolated from a monokaryotic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Trametes versicolor, and Gloeophyllum trabeum. Under the genetic code, these RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear. Within a gene, the sequence of bases along a DNA strand defines a messenger RNA sequence, which then defines one or more protein sequences. In transcription, the codons of a gene are copied into messenger RNA by RNA polymerase. Telomerase is an unusual polymerase because it contains its own RNA template as part of its structure. To begin transcribing a gene, the RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called a promoter and separates the DNA strands. Background Extraction methods used to isolate DNA and RNA are fundamental to most studies carried out in the molecular biology field. Sulfated saccharides from both red and green algae have been known to inhibit some DNA and RNA enveloped viruses. Meanwhile, growth machinery such as ribosomal RNA contains high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. We reduced the accumulation of expanded RNA foci and corrected the sense strand of the gene. Show More Sentences In animal mitochondria, each DNA strand is transcribed continuously and produces a polycistronic RNA molecule. With the mitochondrial RNA processing, individual mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA sequences are released from the primary transcript. Subtractive sequencing allows detection of millions of different RNA molecules in a single specimen. In this way, detection of the RNA cancer marker triggers the self-assembly of a long double-stranded RNA polymer. The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses. Half of cultured chondrocytes were then harvested by trypinization and were used for DNA, RNA and protein extraction. Unexpected cytoplasmic expression of unspliced RNA seems to be prevented by some cellular mechanism. Biological molecules, such as RNA and proteins, can exist in either a natural or unnatural form, called enantiomers. The RNA eluate is readily suitable for direct lysate RT-PCR with no inhibition. They showed that a single-letter change in the RNA of an alphavirus strengthened the stem-loop. Reticulocyte counts are based on identification of residual ribosomes and RNA in immature nonnucleated red blood cells. A second patent in Europe related to antisense RNA is expected to be issued this year. The RNA program began around March 1927 and changed little in its first 50 years, building up a stable of only 127 officially designated sites. Progress in understanding the biological functions of RNA requires that investigators are up to date in the advances of many fields. One of the mutated genes is RBFOX2, which encodes a molecule that regulates RNA splicing. The repeat binds to the protein MBNL1, rendering it inactive and resulting in RNA splicing abnormalities-which lead to the disease. Often, testing the effect of UVs on RNA splicing becomes essential to assess their pathogenicity. Sharp, who was later honored for his work with split genes and RNA splicing. Thus, armored RNA has been applied as a positive control for a variety of RNA viruses. The nonhomologous RNA recombination resulted in an enhanced hemagglutinin cleavability. Show More Sentences Polymorphism of the migration of double-stranded RNA genome segments of avian reoviruses. Mammalian reoviruses, members of the genus Orthoreovirus, are nonenveloped double-stranded RNA viruses with a genome composed of 10 segments. It appears to be dispensable for viral RNA replication, as replicons lacking the p7 gene replicate or make viral RNA efficiently. Because HIV contains RNA and uses it as a template for DNA during reproduction, the agent is classified as a retrovirus. Three main viral RNA species including pregenomic RNA and two S RNAs are transcribed from the cccDNA and migrated to the cytoplasm. Placental and blood cell RNA samples were pretreated with a Ribo-Zero Gold Kit to remove ribosomal RNA before sequencing library preparation. This was accomplished by engineering an export sequence to direct the RNA to the mitochondrion. They identified Monokine induced by interferon-gamma messenger RNA and MIG protein as the clinically significant biomarkers. Decalcification and celloidin embedding can seriously damage RNA, which might account for the negative results in McKenna et al's examinations. Antisense molecules are tiny pieces of DNA or RNA designed to bind to a cell's own DNA or RNA and interfere with its activity. Two microgram of total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA with random primers and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. Total RNA from U937 and Jurkat cell line cultures was isolated with TRIzoI and purified with the RNeasy Mini Kit. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide. In another type of test, RNA isolated from exposed cells was converted to cDNA and amplified by QRT-PCR to quantify gene expression. The test measures the amount of the AIDS virus' genetic material called RNA, or ribonucleic acid, in the mother's blood. The broad spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen. The coding RNA section deals with mRNA metabolism and the flow of genetic information from the DNA storage site to the ribosomes. Naturally occurring ribozymes may be used in chemotherapy, but they are large, expensive, and fragile RNA molecules. The virus relies on an enzyme called RNA polymerase to infect and spread in a host. Escherichia coli RNA polymerase activity observed using atomic force microscopy. Show More Sentences An improved procedure for rapid determination of viral RNA sequences for avian RNA virus. Adenoviral DNA was repeatedly detected in 26 water sources, and rotaviral RNA was detected in 1 source. Rubella virus is an RNA virus that is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus, within the Togaviridae family. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. The two contend that primordial RNA would have contained HMU at many sites where modern RNA has uracil. Ribosomal RNA operons are highly expressed genes and their products have a highly conserved secondary structure. Urinary excretion of biomarkers of oxidatively damaged DNA and RNA in hereditary hemochromatosis. Many RNA interference and insertional mutation lines were used to knockdown or reduce the expression level of a defined 5-HT receptor. For MARV detection, total RNA was extracted from pooled or individual liver, spleen, and lung samples from 272 bats. The researchers synthesized the eight major pieces of RNA according to the virus' genetic code. Ebola virus belongs to the Filoviridae family of linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Marburg HF is caused by Marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic RNA virus of the filovirus family. Share of microarray technologies in other areas will grow with the maximum growth in RNA splice variants followed by epigenetics. For example, Gordon et al described the presence of canine distemper virus RNA in pagetic bone lesions. Sequence-specificity binding of transfer RNA by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The classic categories of noncoding RNAs include ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, both of which are involved in the translation process. The defect was a substitution in a single DNA unit, or base, in a mitochondrial gene that coded for a transfer RNA molecule. The gene for the leusine transfer RNA from the chloroplast genome was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The activities were designed to teach students how to read a messenger RNA codon sequence and match that codon up with an amino acid. Adsorption and survival of faecal coliforms, somatic coliphages and F-specific RNA phages in soil irrigated with wastewater. Show More Sentences The RNA molecule is usually a single strand that folds into different shapes and consists of base units bonded together with the sugar ribose. After the spheres enter a cell, the Dicer enzyme chops the RNA at specific locations, releasing the 21-nucleotide siRNA sequences. Since EpCAM RNA aptamer was shown to get internalized by endocytosis, it would be capable of delivering siRNA into the cell upon chimerization. After cellular entry, HCV RNA is decapsidated and used both for polyprotein translation and RNA replication in the cytoplasm. ExonHit Therapeutics is the world's leader in the analysis of alternative RNA splicing and a contract research service laboratory for gene expression analysis. The messenger RNA molecules made by clusters of clueless genes exhibited no more coordination than the messenger RNA from totally unrelated genes did. Ribonucleases are ubiquitous in freshly acquired samples and need to be inactivated in order to effectively analyze the RNA composition of a specimen. Reverse transcription PCR was conducted using a primer pair targeting nonstructural protein 1 of Getah virus by using the RNA extracted from the blood samples. TriLink offers small-scale oligonucleotides for the discovery and pre-clinical stages of drug development to customers exploring a wide variety of DNA or RNA based therapies. Similar to other RNA viruses, RVAs show high genomic diversity, which is generated primarily through point mutations, reassortment, rearrangement, and recombination events. Utilization of autopsy RNA for the synthesis of The nucleocapsid antigen of a newly recognized virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Measles is caused by the measles virus, a single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. In the first study, scientists have discovered that one major consequence of the C9orf72 gene mutation is disruption of RNA export from the cell nucleus. Tables in the appendix list the DNA content of chordate cell nuclei, the RNA and DNA content of vertebrate cell nuclei, and other quantitative data. Contents of DNA, polyribosomes, ribosomal RNA, protein and Chlorophyll. Although processed RNA can be found in nature, the Supreme Court determined that the generated cDNA products are not naturally occurring and do merit patent protection. The discovery in 2003 of a new coronavirus as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome accelerated research into these potentially lethal RNA viruses. Using DNA sequencing technology housed at the UO's Genomics Core Facility, scientists sequenced the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene isolated from the samples. Preclinical data have shown that VX-950 significantly reduces levels of HCV RNA in both the replicon system and infectious virus assays within days. For detection of viral DNA, we developed a system for rapid determination of viral DNA sequences by minor modification to the RDV system for RNA viruses. Show More Sentences The RNA viruses have no such check and will make copies that vary. Thus, the chimeric, multitarget approach for armored RNA preparation is practical and could reduce the labor and cost for quality control of multiplex RNA virus assays. However, the link between RNA splicing and pluripotency has only very recently emerged and the factors that regulate splicing and alternative splicing in ES cells are unknown. The 5' section contains an RNA transcriptional promoter sequence. Very few reports have focused on the nature of circulating extracellular RNA and the possible mechanisms by which RNA is protected from plasma RNase activity. Upon the mixing of the primer and RNA in a suitable buffer at some moderate temperature, target specific annealing of the T7 tagged primer to its RNA partner occurs. After the animals' uteri were weighed, samples were taken for histological analysis, and remaining tissue was subjected to RNA extraction for microarray analysis. Purines and pyrimidines serve as precursor molecules for DNA and RNA, as energy storage depots, as metabolic regulators, and as intermediates in biosynthetic pathways. We developed a system for rapid determination of viral RNA sequences whereby genomic sequence is obtained from cultured virus isolates without subcloning into plasmid vectors. Instead, the researchers were able to detect the smallest RNA virus particle MS2, with a mass of only 6 attograms, by amplifying the sensitivity of a biosensor. Some RNA molecules siphoned from the host plant remain stable in dodder, traveling several centimeters within the parasite, researchers report in an upcoming New Phytologist. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. Usually, this RNA copy is then used to make a matching protein sequence in a process called translation, which depends on the same interaction between RNA nucleotides. In addition to RNA and DNA, many artificial nucleic acid analogues have been created to study the properties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology. In particular, they are much more compatible with the theory of an early RNA world, where early life on Earth was composed of RNA, rather than deoxyribonucleic acid. In conclusion, even by using samples with high titers of HEV RNA in injection experiments, we were unable to cause infection with G3 HEV in immunodeficient nude rats. On this view, life may have come into existence when RNA chains first experienced the basic conditions, as conceived by Charles Darwin, for natural selection to operate. Binding of the influenza virus NS1 protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the elF-2 translation initiation factor. Transcription factors like Spalt play an important role for the correct transcription of the genetic information into RNA and proteins necessary in the respective cell type. As with HIV, this low rate has been attributed to the ability to screen for both antibodies as well as viral RNA nucleic acid testing in donor blood. Show More Sentences Viral RNA was also isolated from culture supernatants of the SARS-CoV isolate, TW1, human coronavirus 229E strain, and human enteric coronavirus Dallas 1 strain. Louping ill is a zoonotic disease caused by a neurotropic, single-stranded, 40 to 50-nm RNA virus, which has been classified in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. The Opko drug, called bevasiranib, is now in the final stage of clinical trials, so it could be the first RNA interference drug to reach the market. During the manufacture of a protein, transfer RNA, also called tRNA, normally places an amino acid at the end of a growing chain of protein building blocks. For more than 40 years, researchers had known that RNA, a single-stranded nucleic acid, carries instructions from a gene to the cell's protein-making machinery. In the current study, messenger RNA will be obtained from cardiac tissue of embryos that have been treated with 100nm of ATRA in the neurula stage of development. For primary arenavirus screening, lung sections of all animals were homogenized, and RNA was extracted and reversely transcribed by using random hexamer primers. Family level phylogenies reveal modes of macroevolution in RNA viruses. Examples from Classical Literature Where protein synthesis is intense, the content in RNA is high. GoTaq 2-Step RT-qPCR System is a reagent system for quantitative analysis of RNA using a two-step reverse transcription-quantitative PCR method. Patterns of expression of murine Vgr-1 and BMP-2a RNA suggest that transforming growth factorbeta-like genes coordinately regulate aspects of embryonic development. In the December, 2004 Clinical Cancer Research, Wong and his colleagues detailed a new method for diagnosing oral cancer using messenger RNA in saliva. Find more words! Another word for Opposite of Meaning of Rhymes with Sentences with Find word forms Translate from English Translate to English Words With Friends Scrabble Crossword / Codeword Words starting with Words ending with Words containing exactly Words containing letters Pronounce Find conjugations Find names From Afrikaans From Albanian From Amharic From Arabic From Armenian From Azerbaijani From Basque From Belarusian From Bengali From Bosnian From Bulgarian From Catalan From Cebuano From Chichewa From Chinese From Corsican From Croatian From Czech From Danish From Dutch From Esperanto From Estonian From Farsi From Filipino From Finnish From French From Frisian From Galician From Georgian From German From Greek From Gujarati From Haitian Creole From Hausa From Hebrew From Hindi From Hmong From Hungarian From Icelandic From Igbo From Indonesian From Irish From Italian From Japanese From Javanese From Kannada From Kazakh From Khmer From Korean From Kurdish From Kyrgyz From Lao From Latin From Latvian From Lithuanian From Luxembourgish From Macedonian From Malagasy From Malay From Malayalam From Maltese From Maori From Marathi From Mongolian From Burmese From Nepali From Norwegian From Polish From Portuguese From Punjabi From Romanian From Russian From Samoan From Scots Gaelic From Serbian From Sesotho From Shona From Sinhala From Slovak From Slovenian From Somali From Spanish From Sundanese From Swahili From Swedish From Tajik From Tamil From Telugu From Thai From Turkish From Ukrainian From Urdu From Uzbek From Vietnamese From Welsh From Xhosa From Yiddish From Yoruba From Zulu To Afrikaans To Albanian To Amharic To Arabic To Armenian To Azerbaijani To Basque To Belarusian To Bengali To Bosnian To Bulgarian To Catalan To Cebuano To Chichewa To Chinese To Corsican To Croatian To Czech To Danish To Dutch To Esperanto To Estonian To Farsi To Filipino To Finnish To French To Frisian To Galician To Georgian To German To Greek To Gujarati To Haitian Creole To Hausa To Hebrew To Hindi To Hmong To Hungarian To Icelandic To Igbo To Indonesian To Irish To Italian To Japanese To Javanese To Kannada To Kazakh To Khmer To Korean To Kurdish To Kyrgyz To Lao To Latin To Latvian To Lithuanian To Luxembourgish To Macedonian To Malagasy To Malay To Malayalam To Maltese To Maori To Marathi To Mongolian To Burmese To Nepali To Norwegian To Polish To Portuguese To Punjabi To Romanian To Russian To Samoan To Scots Gaelic To Serbian To Sesotho To Shona To Sinhala To Slovak To Slovenian To Somali To Spanish To Sundanese To Swahili To Swedish To Tajik To Tamil To Telugu To Thai To Turkish To Ukrainian To Urdu To Uzbek To Vietnamese To Welsh To Xhosa To Yiddish To Yoruba To Zulu English French Afrikaans Word Albanian Word Arabic Word Bengali Word Chinese Word Croatian Word Czech Word Danish Word Dutch Word English Word Finnish Word French Word German Word Greek Word Hindi Word Hungarian Word Icelandic Word Indonesian Word Italian Word Japanese Word Korean Word Latin Word Malay Word Malayalam Word Marathi Word Nepali Word Norwegian Word Polish Word Portuguese Word Romanian Word Russian Word Serbian Word Slovak Word Spanish Word Swahili Word Swedish Word Tamil Word Telugu Word Thai Word Turkish Word Ukrainian Word Uzbek Word Vietnamese Word Welsh Word All words 2-letter words 3-letter words 4-letter words 5-letter words 6-letter words 7-letter words 8-letter words 9-letter words 10-letter words 11-letter words 12-letter words 13-letter words 14-letter words Plural of Singular of Past tense of Present tense of Verb for Adjective for Adverb for Noun for Meaning of name Origin of name Names meaning Names starting with Names of origin RNA Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search Advanced Word Finder See Also What is another word for RNA? What is the plural of RNA? Translations for RNA Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words rna RN rn RMS rms RMB RNA polymerase RNC rnd RO ROA roach