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Sentence Examples Pliny the Younger, in his letters, describes proudly and affectionately his country house and its gardens. Pliny himself announces that he will give us only the most important vine varieties. Pliny the Elder, the Roman encyclopedist, listed a number of such techniques in his Historial Naturalis. Gaius Plinius Secondus, called Pliny the Elder to distinguish him from his nephew, known as Pliny the Younger, was born in 23 CE in Como. All other vine varieties, Pliny asserts confidently, are imports from Greece. Pliny the Younger gives us the romantic tale that Phoenician merchants first noticed that glass was formed under their cooking pots on the beach. Entirely secondary, Topsell's research relies on sources like Aristotle, Pliny, Plutarch, and Strabo to build its account. But while the ancient imagination doubtless conjured up giants in plumes of gas from fumaroles, the earthquakes that Pliny described so casually were more than just portents. Pliny the Elder, Plutarch and Dio Cassius all give accounts of pairs of Gauls and Greeks being buried alive in Rome at times of great stress as human sacrifices. The historian Pliny the Elder describes owning agate cups as a sign of wealth and luxury. It was also used by the ancient Romans, as is evidenced by the writings of Pliny, who described a method for making soap by boiling goat tallow with alkali wood ashes. Pliny the Elder considered their plumbing to be the greatest accomplishment of the Roman Empire. Pliny the Younger also posited that art, like science, evolves cumulatively, except for momentous turning points where many cultures intersect and interact. Pliny the Elder lost his life while visiting Vesuvius during an eruption. The historians Josephus and Pliny the Elder wrote their works during Vespasian's reign. Vespasian was Josephus' sponsor and Pliny dedicated his Naturalis Historia to Titus, son of Vespasian. Pliny also, in the same sentence, makes use of the neuter plural balnea for public, and of balneum for a private bath. Pliny the Younger had three or four, of which the example near Laurentium is the best known from his descriptions. Basque tribes were already mentioned in Roman times by Strabo and Pliny, including the Vascones, the Aquitani, and others. According to Pliny the Elder, the realism of his paintings was such that birds tried to eat the painted grapes. Show More Sentences Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time. Pliny also explained the significance of the signet ring, and how over time this ring was worn on the little finger. The methods are described in great detail by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia. In the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder reported the invention and subsequent general use of the new and more compact screw presses. Pliny incorrectly wrote that stibnite would give lead on heating, instead of antimony. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. Seals have been kept in captivity since at least Ancient Rome and their trainability was noted by Pliny the Elder. The Roman naturalist Pliny, writing in the first century AD, described the Frisians as. Pliny the Elder describes Roman sailors going through Helgoland and as far as the northeast coast of Denmark. Pliny states explicitly that the Germans export amber to Pannonia, from where it was traded further abroad by the Veneti. Pliny the Elder reports in his Natural History that Caesar's father and forefather died without apparent cause while putting on their shoes. Pliny was the son of an equestrian, Gaius Plinius Celer, and his wife, Marcella. Not entirely unlike Antin, Pliny was a stoic in an age of bread and circuses, writing, seemingly undaunted, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. So it is not clear if these medieval dialect divisions correspond to any mentioned by Tacitus and Pliny. Authors such as Strabo, Pliny and Diodorus cite Pytheas in disbelief, although Pytheas' observations appear to have been substantially accurate. He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder. Pliny the Elder, writing in the first century AD, was the only ancient author to discuss them. He knew patristic literature, as well as Pliny the Elder, Virgil, Lucretius, Ovid, Horace and other classical writers. For the period prior to Augustine's arrival in 597, Bede drew on earlier writers, including Orosius, Eutropius, Pliny, and Solinus. According to Pliny, the custom of setting up honorific statues on columns was a comparably ancient one. Show More Sentences Since Pliny was from Italy, some infer that Tacitus was from the provinces, probably Gallia Narbonensis. Pliny the Elder cited the use of Celtici in Lusitania as a tribal surname, which epigraphic findings have confirmed. Pliny the Elder notes that several of them were richer than Crassus, the richest man of the Republican era. They are described by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History in great detail. It is believed that the name used by Pliny may be of West Germanic origin, originally denoting Scania. If I may intersert a short speculation, the depth of the sea is determined in Pliny to be fifteen furlongs. They had been mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century BC, but Pliny made them better known. Pliny studied the original authorities on each subject and took care to make excerpts from their pages. Pliny wrote the first ten books in AD 77, and was engaged on revising the rest during the two remaining years of his life. Pliny correctly identifies the origin of amber as the fossilised resin of pine trees. Pliny refers to the way in which it exerts a charge when rubbed, a property well known to Theophrastus. Pliny lists over 900 drugs, compared to 600 in Dioscorides's De Materia Medica, 550 in Theophrastus, and 650 in Galen. Pliny gives a special place to iron, distinguishing the hardness of steel from what is now called wrought iron, a softer grade. Diamond sits at the top of the series because, Pliny says, it will scratch all other minerals. In another part of his work, Pliny describes the use of undermining to gain access to the veins. Calvino notes that while Pliny is eclectic, he was not uncritical, though his evaluations of sources are inconsistent and unpredictable. This herb was already mentioned by Pliny the Elder for its early blooming attributes. Pliny the Elder wrote in his Natural History about Chryse and Argyre, two legendary islands rich in gold and silver, located in the Indian Ocean. Later authors such as Pliny the Elder mentioned this story in the gold mining section of his Naturalis Historia. One of the first classical writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny. Show More Sentences Although some, such as Pliny, claimed that Eudoxus did achieve his goal, the most probable conclusion is that he perished on the journey. Pliny the Elder, on the other hand, represents the Cassiterides as fronting Celtiberia. Around 77 AD, Pliny the Elder described birds, among other creatures, in his Historia Naturalis. Pliny the Elder's work, the Natural History, was written during Vespasian's reign, and dedicated to Vespasian's son Titus. According to Pliny, the Emperor Tiberius had the cucumber on his table daily during summer and winter. According to Pliny, garlic and onions were invoked as deities by the Egyptians at the taking of oaths. Writing in AD 79, Pliny the Elder said that the Germanic tribes were members of separate groups of people, suggesting a distinction among them. Pliny the Elder mentions Posidonius among his sources and without naming him reported his method for estimating the Earth's circumference. Pliny the Elder is the first writer to mention the Tungri in Gallia Belgica, in his Natural History. Yet, given that Pliny had not heard the word directly from a Cimbric informant, it cannot be ruled out that the word is in fact Gaulish instead. Neither Strabo, Tacitus or Ptolemy mentions the Vandals, while Pliny the Elder mentions the Vandals but not the Lugii. Strabo and Pliny the Elder also state that Getae and Dacians spoke the same language. Besides this, Pliny the Younger's Panegyricus and Dio of Prusa's orations are the best surviving contemporary sources. With such a scheme, Pliny probably hoped to engender enthusiasm among fellow landowners for such philanthropic ventures. His skill as an orator, which was praised by his good friend Pliny, no doubt contributes to his supreme mastery of the Latin language. To help flush them out from their underground burrows, the polecat was domesticated as the ferret, its use described by Pliny the Elder. The Romans had cloves in the 1st century CE, as Pliny the Elder wrote about them. Ancient writers like Plutarch, Strabo, and, more explicitly, Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy, testified to the existence of the Canary Islands. Later writers such as Arrian, Strabo, Diodorus, and Pliny refer to Indika in their works. Of these writers, Arrian speaks most highly of Megasthenes, while Strabo and Pliny treat him with less respect. Show More Sentences Similarly, other scholars identify Pliny the Elder's reference to Amithoscuta to be Muscat. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder reported that parent ospreys made their young fly up to the sun as a test, and dispatched any that failed. Pliny describes the haunting of a house in Athens, which was bought by the Stoic philosopher Athenodorus, who lived about 100 years before Pliny. Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn. Pliny recognized the industrious worker bee, the drone and the king bee which would lead the migration to a new hive site. Diodorus Siculus and Pliny both suggest trade between the rebel Celtic tribes of Armorica and Iron Age Britain flourished. Two inscriptions identifying the hometown of Pliny the Younger as Como take precedence over the Verona theory. It is likely therefore that Plinia was a local girl and Pliny the Elder, her brother, was from Como. As his adopted son took the same cognomen, Pliny founded a branch, the Plinii Secundi. Pliny the Younger thus became the adopted son of Pliny the Elder after the latter's death. In AD 46, at about age 23, Pliny entered the army as a junior officer, as was the custom for young men of equestrian rank. At another uncertain date, Pliny was transferred back to Germania Inferior. During that time Pliny did not hold any high office or work in the service of the state. Pliny devoted much of his time to writing on the comparatively safe subjects of grammar and rhetoric. This clearly shows that Pliny the Younger wanted to convey to Tacitus that his uncle was ever the academic, always working. This extract also states that Pliny made use of the night, and would then do all of the other duties assigned to him. In the subsequent text, Pliny the Younger mentions again how most of his uncle's day was spent working, reading, and writing. It is certain that Pliny spent some time in Africa Province, most likely as a procurator. During Nero's reign of terror, Pliny avoided working on any writing that would attract attention to himself. It cannot be proved that it was written entirely in 77 or that Pliny was finished with it then. Show More Sentences His nephew, Pliny the Younger, provided an account of his death, obtained from the survivors. Pliny sat down and could not get up even with assistance and was left behind. It is not as credible a source, as it is clear from the nephew's letter that the persons Pliny came to rescue escaped to tell the tale in detail. He suggested that despite his rescue attempt, Pliny never came within miles of Vesuvius and there is no evidence he died from breathing in fumes. Zirkle stated that Pliny was overweight, in poor health and had died from a heart attack. Nature for Pliny was divine, a pantheistic concept inspired by the Stoic philosophy which underlies much of his thought. Pliny repeated Aristotle's maxim that Africa was always producing something new. He had a sister, Plinia, who married into the Caecilii and was the mother of his nephew, Pliny the Younger, whose letters describe his work and study regimen in detail. His detailed descriptions were assimilated by the Romans, but mixed with a more accurate knowledge of the dolphins, as mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural history. Living during the times of the Emperor Trajan and having a connection to Pliny the Younger, Suetonius was able to begin a rise in rank in the imperial administration. According to both Strabo and Pliny the Elder, the multiplying rabbits caused famines by destroying crop yields, and even collapsed trees and houses with their burrowing. The most respected form of art, according to authors like Pliny or Pausanias, were individual, mobile paintings on wooden boards, technically described as panel paintings. Pliny the Elder provides a detailed description of gold mining in book xxxiii of his Naturalis Historia, most of which has been confirmed by archaeology. The main sources are Galen of Pergamum who wrote mainly from a medical point of view, Athenaeus of Naucratis, a food encyclopaedist, Plutarch of Chaeronea, and Pliny. The dream prompted Pliny to begin forthwith a history of all the wars between the Romans and the Germans, which he was not to complete for some years. He did not leave office until AD 68, when Pliny was 45 years old. These were a major luxury art form and became keenly collected, with King Mithridates VI of Pontus the first major collector according to Pliny the Elder. Besides pleading law cases, Pliny wrote, researched and studied. Pliny the Elder's famous story of birds pecking at grapes painted by Zeuxis in the 5th century BC may well be a legend, but indicates the aspiration of Greek painting. Like Pliny, he had come from the equestrian class, rising through the ranks of the army and public offices and defeating the other contenders for the highest office. Show More Sentences Libraries were amenities suited to a villa, such as Cicero's at Tusculum, Maecenas's several villas, or Pliny the Younger's, all described in surviving letters. The letters of Pliny the Younger described Roman life of the period. Through Pliny, Suetonius came into favour with Trajan and Hadrian. Pliny the Elder also mentions cassia as a flavouring agent for wine. According to Pliny the Elder, iron use was common in the Roman era. Pliny the Elder describes the Italian fruit as very small, probably like a gherkin, describing it as a wild cucumber considerably smaller than the cultivated one. It is the only work by Pliny to have survived, and the last that he published, lacking a final revision at his sudden and unexpected death in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius. Pliny Book 9, Letter 23 reports that, when he was asked if he was Italian or provincial, he gave an unclear answer, and so was asked if he was Tacitus or Pliny. Tacitus' dedication to Fabius Iustus in the Dialogus may indicate a connection with Spain, and his friendship with Pliny suggests origins in northern Italy. The problem with the toxicity theory is that his companions were unaffected by the same fumes, and they had no mobility problems whereas Pliny had to sit and could not rise. The friendship between the younger Pliny and Tacitus leads some scholars to conclude that they were both the offspring of wealthy provincial families. What little is known comes from scattered hints throughout his work, the letters of his friend and admirer Pliny the Younger, and an inscription found at Mylasa in Caria. Jean Hardouin presents a statement from an unknown source that he claims was ancient, that Pliny was from Verona and that his parents were Celer and Marcella. Tacitus' dedication to Lucius Fabius Justus in the Dialogus may indicate a connection with Spain, and his friendship with Pliny suggests origins in northern Italy. The earliest mention of the Vandals is from Pliny the Elder, who used the term Vandilii in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all Germanic peoples. Earlier Pliny says that a large island of three days' sail from the Scythian coast called Balcia by Xenophon of Lampsacus is called Basilia by Pytheas. Aristotle and Pliny refer to tolls in Arabia and other parts of Asia. Pliny strove to use all the Greek histories available to him, such as Herodotus and Thucydides, as well as the Bibliotheca Historica of Diodorus Siculus. Early Roman sources, such as Tacitus and Pliny the Elder, knew little concerning the Germanic peoples east of the Elbe river, or on the Baltic Sea. Pliny starts with the known universe, roundly criticising attempts at cosmology as madness, including the view that there are countless other worlds than the Earth. Show More Sentences The keeping of aquariums was a popular pastime of the rich, and Pliny provides anecdotes of the problems of owners becoming too closely attached to their fish. Pliny the elder, in his Historia Naturalis, lists the Hermunduri as one of the nations of the Hermiones, all descended from the same line of descent from Mannus. According to historian Pliny the Elder, Cleopatra owned two of the largest pearl earrings in history, each of which was said to be worth 30 million sestertii. Pliny describes the problems associated with the lungs with spray tubes and Ambrose claimed that large whales would take their young into their mouth to protect them. Copper and bronze are, says Pliny, most famous for their use in statues including colossi, gigantic statues as tall as towers, the most famous being the Colossus of Rhodes. Whales are described in particular by Aristotle, Pliny and Ambrose. According to Pliny and Livy, after the invasion of the Gauls, some of the Etruscans living in the Po Valley sought refuge in the Alps and became known as the Raeti. Examples from Classical Literature And if ever I go where Pliny is, I, a whaleman, will make bold to tell him so. And Pliny says, sulphureous water is useful for the nerves, aluminous for paralytics, or other relaxed habits of the body. We should not have known what stannum was, had not the only passage of Pliny which informs us been preserved. Pliny only says that a coating of stannum improved the taste of food, and guarded against verdigris. An observation which he gives us of Pliny concerning Pythagoras's interdiction of the pulse, is highly remarkable. An Italian olive-plantation, near Terni, is believed to have stood since the days of Pliny. Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny considered that the coral was a plant. Pliny says, that the Romans learned the method of tinning their culinary vessels from the Gauls. The black root and white flower of moly are quite unlike the yellow flower and white fleshy root ascribed by Pliny to mandrake. In its present form it was not known to the ancients, not even to Pliny, whose idea of the Monoceros or Unicorn is peculiar. The natural history of the ancients is not enshrined in Aristotle and Pliny. Pliny says that the memory of these evocations is preserved among the priests. It is of Pliny the naturalist, not of Pliny the letter-writer, that we are now speaking. Pliny mentions this statue as the admiration of the age in which he flourished. That the strepsiceros of Pliny, or the addax of the Africans, is the antelope. Another ore of gold is the alloy with silver, or argental gold, the electrum of Pliny, so called from its amber shade. Pliny in his origin of glass will have it that a loadstone is an attractor of glass, as well as of iron. It is an observation as ancient as the time of Pliny, that a capon does not crow. Pliny says, corundum was used in the form of a splinter fixed in an iron style. According to Pliny, the ichneumon was an object of veneration among the Egyptians. Show More Sentences Pliny did not disdain to counsel putting southernwood under the pillow to make one dream of a lover. Pliny tells us that the Hydrus lives in the water, and is exceedingly venomous. Pliny describes a bedchamber in his villa warmed by the hypocaust and the tiles, with narrow openings. The purpura, as mentioned in Pliny, was an amethyst or violet color. You are a very good lawyer, but you are a poor historian, you know nothing of sociology, and your biology is contemporaneous with Pliny. In the time of Pliny it had become a dismal and silent place. Aristotle, Strabo, Pliny, and Seneca arrived at this conclusion. In his Historia naturalis, Pliny the Elder tells the story of a competition between the artists Zeuxis and Parrhasius. Pliny is said to have considered it the best appetizer of all condiments. He was succeeded by Pliny, who also fell a victim to his thirst for knowledge. Assuredly, we must conclude so, if we are to credit the accounts of such gentlemen as Pliny, and the ancient naturalists generally. Pliny was a senator, and thus he envisioned a group of pares and lictors accompanying the kings. Yeronisos, or 'Holy Island,' is an ancient site and was mentioned by the Roman writer and natural philosopher, Pliny. Hippocrates, Pliny and Aristotle also have mentioned the use of garlic for therapeutic purposes. In one family alone, in the time of Pliny, there were 4116 slaves. Pliny also records that it throve best when sown with cursing and railing. 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