In addition, many tribal leaders, chosen for loyalty to the French rather than influence in their tribe, immediately sold communal land for cash. |
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The French directed a cannonade at the British for three hours. |
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She wants to learn other languages besides English and French. |
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The restaurant serves a bastardized version of the classic French dish. |
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In many places, Acadian has been supplanted by English and by Standard French. |
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At the end of May, Henry was joined by his queen and together with the French court, they went to rest at Senlis. |
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Inspired by Joan, the French took several English strongholds on the Loire. |
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An attempted French siege of Paris was defeated on 8 September 1429, and Charles VII withdrew to the Loire Valley. |
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Talbot had been persuaded to engage the French army at Castillon near Bordeaux. |
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The doctor and myself slept in a long, deep, French dugout, with a heavy timbered roof, quite warm, and scarcely less insectiferous. |
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The Black Death may also have promoted the use of vernacular English, as the number of teachers proficient in French dwindled. |
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This gave York political influence but he was removed from English and French politics through his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. |
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He was convinced of the need for an alliance with France and had been negotiating a match between Edward and a French bride. |
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He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. |
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Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 7,000 troops to France. |
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However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. |
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Many of these French mercenaries were from the garrison of Phillipe de Crevecoeur, Lord of Esquerdes. |
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A French nationalist, Michelet also sought to claim the Renaissance as a French movement. |
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Early in the war French naval squadrons had done considerable damage to English and Dutch commercial convoys. |
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Naval operations also enabled the conquest of the French colonies in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. |
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Once again the British fleet effectively eliminated the French Navy from the war, leading France to abandon major operations. |
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In the winter of 1532, Henry met with Francis I at Calais and enlisted the support of the French king for his new marriage. |
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Philip could not speak English, and so they spoke in a mixture of Spanish, French, and Latin. |
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Susan Clarencieux revealed her doubts to the French ambassador, Antoine de Noailles. |
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In January 1558, French forces took Calais, England's sole remaining possession on the European mainland. |
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Under Grindal, a talented and skilful tutor, she also progressed in French and Greek. |
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Elizabeth's first policy toward Scotland was to oppose the French presence there. |
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When the Protestant Henry IV inherited the French throne in 1589, Elizabeth sent him military support. |
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Mr. Fechter has been in the main more accustomed to speak French than to speak English. |
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The Schmalkaldic League had allied itself to the French, and efforts in Germany to undermine the League had been rebuffed. |
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Don Balthasar believed that the key to restraining the resurgent French and eliminating the Dutch was a closer alliance with Habsburg Austria. |
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The war ended with most of the Spanish Netherlands under French occupation, including the important cities of Ghent and Luxembourg. |
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In 1923, Tangier was declared an international city under French, Spanish, British, and later Italian joint administration. |
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During the Second World War the Vichy French presence in Tangier was overcome by that of Francoist Spain. |
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In 1569, Raleigh left for France to serve with the Huguenots in the French religious civil wars. |
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The British Parliament's efforts to levy new taxes following the French and Indian War were deeply unpopular in the colonies. |
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The war took place on Indian soil, between the company troops and the French forces. |
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His novels mocked and maligned the French middle class, ironizing it into oblivion. |
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In South America, the Dutch seized Cayenne from the French in 1658 and drove off a French attempt to retake it a year later. |
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In 1795, the French revolutionary army invaded the Dutch Republic and turned the nation into a satellite of France, named the Batavian Republic. |
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In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. |
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Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic. |
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Due to this emphasis, the French relied heavily on creating friendly contacts with the local First Nations community. |
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These became the most enduring alliances between the French and the First Nation community. |
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Through alliances with various Native American tribes, the French were able to exert a loose control over much of the North American continent. |
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As the French empire in North America grew, the French also began to build a smaller but more profitable empire in the West Indies. |
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In 1664, the French East India Company was established to compete for trade in the east. |
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With the decay of the Ottoman Empire, in 1830 the French seized Algiers, thus beginning the colonization of French North Africa. |
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Picot proceeded with negotiations with neither the oversight of the French president nor the cabinet. |
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Picot emphasized the demands of the French colonists over the French cabinet. |
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This policy of French colonial leaders determining France's African war aims can be seen throughout much of France's empire. |
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It may even be seen further back in time to the first of the French and Indian Wars. |
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In the meanwhile, the newly resumed war with Britain by the French, resulted in the British capture of practically all remaining French colonies. |
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Reaching into the Niger valley, Senegal became the primary French base in West Africa and a model colony. |
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Dakar became one of the most important cities of the French Empire and of Africa. |
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In January 1866, King Gojong and his father, the regent, ordered the execution of most of the French priests, and ten thousand converts. |
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A squadron of French ships, carrying eight hundred naval infantry, attempted retaliation but made little headway. |
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The shipyard, which became the naval base of Yokosuka, was designed by the French engineer Leonce Verny. |
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French missionaries had been active in Vietnam since the 17th century, when the Jesuit priest Alexandre de Rhodes opened a mission there. |
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In 1858 the Vietnamese emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty felt threatened by the French influence and tried to expel the missionaries. |
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Algeria had been formally under French rule since 1830, but only in 1852 was the country entirely conquered. |
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There were about a hundred thousand European settlers in the country, at that time, about half of them French. |
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I am just as much the Emperor of the Arabs of Algeria as I am of the French. |
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This process was corrupted by French officials sympathetic to the French in Algeria who took much of the land they surveyed into public domain. |
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Nonetheless, he did not give up his idea of making Algeria a model where French colonists and Arabs could live and work together as equals. |
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When the British and Spanish realized the French goals, they withdrew from the expedition, but the French marched on Mexico City. |
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Not willing to have a war with the United States, Napoleon III decided at the beginning of 1866 to withdraw French troops from Mexico. |
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During the Agadir Crisis in 1911 Britain supported France against Germany, and Morocco became a French protectorate. |
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From 1830 to 1946, only between 3,000 and 6,000 native Algerians were granted French citizenship. |
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French conservatives had been denouncing the assimilationist policies as products of a dangerous liberal fantasy. |
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By 1943, all of the colonies, except for Indochina under Japanese control, had joined the Free French cause. |
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The overseas empire helped liberate France as 300,000 North African Arabs fought in the ranks of the Free French. |
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In late May, a general strike in Syria was met by a French warship shelling Damascus for three days. |
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Algeria was particularly problematic, due to the large number of Europeans who had settled there in the 125 years of French rule. |
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The French Union was replaced in the new 1958 Constitution of 1958 by the French Community. |
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The current French Canadian population, which numbers in the millions, is descended almost entirely from New France's small settler population. |
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On 31 December 1687 a community of French Huguenots settled in South Africa. |
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French and Italian chefs appeared in the country houses and palaces bringing new standards of food preparation and taste. |
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In 1573, he joined Guillaume Le Testu, a French buccaneer, in an attack on a richly laden mule train. |
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By getting the French diplomat involved in the knighting, Elizabeth was gaining the implicit political support of the French for Drake's actions. |
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In the past, through the means of the Auld Alliance with France, they had adapted their surname to the French form, Stuart. |
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There, he rented rooms from a French Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, a maker of ladies' wigs and other headgear. |
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Charles, meanwhile, decided to send an expeditionary force to relieve the French Huguenots whom French royal troops held besieged in La Rochelle. |
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In Scotland, the Scottish arms were placed in the first and fourth quarters with the English and French arms in the second quarter. |
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Portugal had been helped by France, but in the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 Portugal was abandoned by its French ally. |
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For this it was essential that Austria continued opposing the French demands regarding Cologne and the Palatinate. |
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Also, he personally feared that the French might attack the Republic through Flanders when its army was tied up in England. |
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By early September, William was on the brink of cancelling the entire expedition when French policy played into his hand. |
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Enraged, the French king decided to execute a lightning campaign into Germany before the emperor could shift his troops to the West. |
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In the second they were advised not to interfere with the French policy in Germany. |
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The French fleet remained at the time concentrated in the Mediterranean, to assist a possible attack on the Papal State. |
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James refused a French offer to send an expeditionary force, fearing that it would cost him domestic support. |
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I will not say, that Mr Oldenburg did rather inspire the French to follow the English, or, at least, did help them, and hinder us. |
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Fears were as high as ever among the traumatised fire victims, fear of foreign arsonists and of a French and Dutch invasion. |
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In February, Charles had made a deal with the French King Louis XIV, who promised to support him against the Whigs. |
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In 1678 the Whigs passed the Prohibition of 1678 that banned certain French goods from being imported into England. |
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The opposition Whigs were split, however, by the onset of the French Revolution. |
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Jennifer. Jenny with the light brown hair. Jenny-fair, their high school French teacher had called her, and fair she had been. |
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Charles took no action on the proposal, and continued his war plans with his French ally. |
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The presence of a large French army in the heart of the Republic caused a general panic, and the people turned against De Witt and his allies. |
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In November 1672, he took his army to Maastricht to threaten the French supply lines. |
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Thus deprived of French dynastic backing after 1697, Jacobites posed no further serious threats during William's reign. |
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The French conveniently ignored the Second Partition Treaty and claimed the entire Spanish inheritance. |
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Voltaire, who had been imprisoned and maltreated by the French government, was eager to accept Frederick's invitation to live at his palace. |
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The Americans closely followed English and Scottish political ideas, as well as some French thinkers such as Montesquieu. |
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By 1794, they pointed to the Terror during the French Revolution as confirmation of their predictions. |
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Indeed, many publishing companies were conveniently located outside France so as to avoid overzealous French censors. |
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French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication, but there was also a steady demand for material in German and Dutch. |
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There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent, which was echoed by England's similar lack of desire for French works. |
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French slowly took over Latin's status as the lingua franca of learned circles. |
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This in turn gave precedence to the publishing industry in Holland, where the vast majority of these French language periodicals were produced. |
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It was closely tied to the French state, acting as an extension of a government seriously lacking in scientists. |
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At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. |
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Even when I gave her a jog with my elbow, she kept staring at her French book. Even when I gave her a nudge with my knee, she kept ignoring me. |
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The causes of the French Revolution are complex and are still debated among historians. |
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The values and institutions of the Revolution dominate French politics to this day. |
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The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity. |
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Messages of support for the Assembly poured in from Paris and other French cities. |
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By this time, Necker had earned the enmity of many members of the French court for his overt manipulation of public opinion. |
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The mobs soon had the support of some of the French Guard, who were armed and trained soldiers. |
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The French people expressed no respect for the dictates of foreign monarchs, and the threat of force merely hastened their militarisation. |
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The many French successes led to the spread of the French revolutionary ideals into neighbouring countries, and indeed across much of Europe. |
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The French armies defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November, and had soon taken over most of the Austrian Netherlands. |
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The stalemate was broken in the summer of 1794 with dramatic French victories. |
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The House of Orange was expelled and replaced by the Batavian Republic, a French satellite state. |
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Although the French Revolution had a dramatic impact in numerous areas of Europe, the French colonies felt a particular influence. |
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Immediately on 21 September the Convention abolished the monarchy, making France the French First Republic. |
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A French plebiscite ratified the document, with about 1,057,000 votes for the constitution and 49,000 against. |
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That coup some historians consider the closing of the specifically republican phase of the French Revolution. |
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The French Republic continued this Roman symbol to represent state power, justice, and unity. |
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The March to Versailles is but one example of feminist militant activism during the French Revolution. |
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A major aspect of the French Revolution was the dechristianisation movement, a movement strongly rejected by many devout people. |
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The French Revolution abolished many of the constraints on the economy that had slowed growth during the ancien regime. |
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During the Revolutionary Wars, the French invaded and occupied the region between 1794 and 1814, a time known as the French period. |
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Resistance was strong in every sector, as Belgian nationalism emerged to oppose French rule. |
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The French legal system, however, was adopted, with its equal legal rights, and abolition of class distinctions. |
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The Kingdom of Denmark adopted liberalising reforms in line with those of the French Revolution, with no direct contact. |
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The French Revolution has received enormous amounts of historical attention, both from the general public and from scholars and academics. |
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By the year 2000 many historians were saying that the field of the French Revolution was in intellectual disarray. |
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The reformers, however, were quickly labelled as radicals and as associates of the French revolutionaries. |
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A Second Coalition, consisting of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire, was formed, but it, too, failed to overcome the French. |
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The French Revolution revived religious and political problems in Ireland, a realm under the rule of the King of Great Britain. |
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In 1798, Irish nationalists attempted a rebellion, believing that the French would help them overthrow the monarchy. |
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By 1803, however, war had broken out again between Britain and the new First French Empire under Napoleon. |
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The system of smuggling finished products into the continent undermined French efforts to ruin the British economy by cutting off markets. |
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By contrast the French financial system was inadequate and Napoleon's forces had to rely in part on requisitions from conquered lands. |
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The French Revolution of 1789, in which the French monarchy had been overthrown, worried many British landowners. |
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Only Great Britain was left fighting Napoleon Bonaparte, the First Consul of the French Republic. |
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In October 1801, he made peace with the French, and in 1802 signed the Treaty of Amiens. |
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An invasion of England by Napoleon seemed imminent, and a massive volunteer movement arose to defend England against the French. |
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Following the Acts of Union 1800, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. |
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Ben Bella was aggravated by having to express himself in French because the Egyptians were unable to understand his Arabic. |
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The French armies were not far off, and there were alarums and excursions all along the border. |
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In Greek the main stress falls on the antepaenultimate syllable, in French on the last syllable. |
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In 1939, the French anticrop program was directed primarily at the Germans, using potato beetles to destroy a food staple. |
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Six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdles, hangers, and so. |
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The envoy found the French king playing the part of horse while his young son rode atop. |
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Bjorn Borg, 18, wins French, and the three of them change the game, guiding the world to two-fisted backhandedness. |
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Just say no to exposed bra straps unless you are in your boudoir in French knickers and a matching balconette-bra ensemble. |
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Fraser was looking at the flat, wet countryside and thinking about the French policeman who had banjaxed him with the truncheon. |
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For its French readers, Paris' Le Jazz Hot review was trying to explain the artistry of U.S. bebopper Charlie Parker. |
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The guillotine was meant to humanize beheadings, but allowed the French Revolution to execute people at an industrial rate. |
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During the French occupation, Bilbaoans were likely to have been exposed to some French culture and influence. |
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From this time there ensues a long blank in the history of French legislation. |
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Cathy served breakfast on the long glassed porch and offered us a choice among pancakes, plain or blueberried, French toast, and eggs. |
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Inside the building was a dead French soldier who, as we figured it out, had accounted for the eight boches before they got him. |
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After a few false starts I finally meet the Swiss French snowboarder at Europe's winter sports brodown Babylon. |
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The German ubu, as well as the French bibou, is also used for bug-a-boo, hobgoblin, or any other fantastical, terrific nocturnal object. |
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Restaurant August... serves contemporary French cuisine prepared with Louisiana ingredients like buster crabs, shrimp and oysters. |
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English and French have different rules for the capitalisation of the names of the days of the week. |
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There was no similar carrot and stick for use against the French land armaments. |
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Maybe it's their French blood. If it is, we sure don't need cheese-eating surrender monkeys in the Kaw River Valley! |
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The escapement used in French Drum Clocks is a continual source of trouble to English clock jobbers. |
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We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of the club. |
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I remark that everyone understands the Captain's English, while they don't seem to get on very well with my French. |
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I took a moment to collect my thoughts, and likewise to frame in French the sentence by which I proposed to open business. |
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The world's largest surveyor of deepwater oil fields won a contract to conduct a survey of the French Gulf of Lion to map sand reserves. |
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In conjectural statements, the French often use the Future or the Conditional, instead of the Perfect or the Pluperfect used in English. |
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The French commander consigned it to the use for which it was intended by the donor. |
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French cuisine is considered to be one of the world's most refined and elegant styles of cooking. |
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My memories of high school and college French are mostly negative because I usually felt dimwitted anytime I tried to speak. |
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That even a French doctorandus, however, should in this day of specialization attack such a theme as the Carolingian Empire is a notable thing. |
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Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know. |
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O yes, for he called out to his men in Dutchified French, and looked at me zowerswopped enough. |
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They were thrown into ecstasies of suspicion by finding that we possessed a French translation of Hitler's Mein Kampf. |
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However, the first style of this century was known as Empire furniture. It was a derivative of the French Empire furniture, popular at that time. |
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Said in French, 'This is a fine fermentation your brother has engifted us with. |
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If hypocrisy was the English vice, as the French critic Taine declared, then it had soon become naturalized in the United States. |
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There was Charles Brown of Locus, the French fan and writer Georges Gallet, eofan Clifton Amsbury, and, of course, me and my wife Wendayne. |
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As has often been remarked, French prose fiction of the Enlightenment is more often feminocentric than its English counterpart. |
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More to the liking of students, the new menu includes hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fishwiches, pizza, donuts, French fries, malts and coffee. |
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One of the most unusual things about the house is the flagstoned courtyard in the back, reachable by a set of French doors. |
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We thus arrive at a most unexpected imbroglio. The French have become a Germanic folk and the Germanic folk have become Gaulish! |
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Grammars of Old French are without exception based on the Francien dialect. |
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Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French. |
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On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice. |
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The door was French grey outside with raised metal lettering, as clean and sharp as a new knife. |
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That's how she pictured him, her French lover, like the deepest kiss that she had ever felt. She who had never French kissed. |
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He stole away an Irishman's bride, and took a French leave of me and his master. |
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The Front National won the French elections with calls for an immediate restoration of the franc and a referendum on Frexit. |
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Here was a sober young Harlemite in a gamely tilted bowler with a little French mustache. |
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Received a DUC for developing and using a special bombing technique against enemy bridges in French Indochina. |
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Looks like product of a hatefuck between Dawn French, a peacock, and a snickers bar. |
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With the East India Company, England also competed with the Dutch and French in the East. |
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State schools teach students a second language, usually French, German or Spanish. |
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French and German are the two most commonly taught second languages in England and Scotland. |
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In 1294, Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. |
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Three years later, at the Battle of Verneuil, the French and Scots lost around 7000 men. |
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Later medieval literature included works in Latin, Gaelic, Old English and French. |
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Throughout the centuries until the 18th, the English Channel did not have any fixed name in English and in French. |
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In 1259, Henry III of England recognised the legality of French possession of mainland Normandy under the Treaty of Paris. |
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The scheme mandates that vessels travelling north must use the French side, travelling south the English side. |
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The two dominant cultures are English on the north shore of the Channel, French on the south. |
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During 1759, with a planned French invasion imminent, a large force of soldiers was stationed there. |
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Likewise, the Franks of Western Francia form part of the ancestry of the French people. |
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The pattern of territorial aggression was repeated by other European empires, most notably the Dutch, Russian, French and British. |
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For example, the Napoleonic code expressly forbade French judges to pronounce general principles of law. |
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The most taught languages in schools across the North West are English, French and German. |
|
Impetus for this incorporating union came almost entirely from King William, who feared leaving Scotland open to a French invasion. |
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It was derived largely from Old English, with the addition of elements from Gaelic and French. |
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It began to be adopted by the ruling elite as they gradually abandoned French. |
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Wishart's supporters seized St Andrews Castle, which they held for a year before they were defeated with the help of French forces. |
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At their best, the curriculum included catechism, Latin, French, Classical literature and sports. |
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In the late 14th century, naval warfare with England was conducted largely by hired Scots, Flemish and French merchantmen and privateers. |
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At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne. |
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With the regicide of King Louis XVI in 1793, the French Revolution represented a contest of ideologies between the two nations. |
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The French Revolution revived religious and political grievances in Ireland. |
|
In 1798, Irish nationalists launched the Irish Rebellion of 1798, believing that the French would help them to overthrow the British. |
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The British government's fear of an independent Ireland siding against them with the French resulted in the decision to unite the two countries. |
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Historian Asa Briggs finds that the religious efforts by evangelicals, led to a genuine improvement in morals and manners during the French wars. |
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On other fronts, the British, French, Australians, and Japanese occupied Germany's colonies. |
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Speculation that the world would end in the year 1000 was confined to a few uneasy French monks. |
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During the Crimean War, a joint British and French fleet attacked the Russian fortresses in the Baltic. |
|
Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. |
|
Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language. |
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Many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. |
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Afterwards, most diplomatic documents were written in French and later just native or other languages. |
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Norman French became dominant among the new feudal aristocracy, especially in southern Scotland, and completely displaced Gaelic at court. |
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It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from Latin, Old Norse, French and English. |
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His approach is also personal, reflecting his hyperactivism, his passions and his determination to promote French business around the world. |
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In the course of the 19th century, many European states either adopted the French model or drafted their own codes. |
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The Thirty Years' War, the English Civil War and the French Wars of Religion are prominent examples. |
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During his short captivity within France, Saint Patrick learned about French monasticism. |
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Another interesting Illinois word is the name of the celebrated chief, which the French made Chachagouache. |
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His career as editor had been long enough, however, for him to impress upon the minds of the French public the imminency of the Prussian Peril. |
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Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards. |
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The new ordo was influenced by West Frankish liturgy and in turn became one of the sources of the medieval French ordo. |
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German, French and Spanish are also commonly taught as second or, more often, third languages. |
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Traditionally, English, German and French were considered the main foreign languages in Norway. |
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The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. |
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More difficulties struck in 1083, when William's eldest son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. |
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This tomb was again destroyed during the French Revolution, but was eventually replaced with the current marker. |
|
Sir James Holt suggests this was the inevitable result of superior French resources. |
|
In 1303 the French king restored Gascony to Edward by signing the Treaty of Paris. |
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The French monarchy asserted its rights to encroach on Edward's legal rights in Gascony. |
|
In response, Edward proclaimed himself king of France to encourage the Flemish to rise in open rebellion against the French king. |
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French indirect transitive verbs, i.e. verbs which take an indirect object, cannot be passive. |
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Henry was said to have understood a wide range of languages, including English, but spoke only Latin and French. |
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Similarly, the French would have Scotland's support if their own kingdom was attacked. |
|
On his return to the continent from England, Henry sought to secure his French lands and quash any potential rebellion. |
|
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Three years later the new Count of Flanders, Philip, concerned about Henry's growing power, openly allied himself with the French king. |
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Elsewhere in France, Henry attempted to seize the Auvergne, much to the anger of the French king. |
|
Louis allied himself with the Welsh, Scots and Bretons, and the French king attacked Normandy. |
|
This expansion of Henry's empire once again threatened French security and promptly put the new peace at risk. |
|
The bickering and simmering tensions between Henry and Richard were cleverly exploited by the new French king, Philip Augustus. |
|
The counts were recurrent enemies of the dukes of Normandy and of Brittany and often the French king. |
|
If Louis VII died without a male heir, Henry would have been a strong candidate for the French throne. |
|
Henry bought the County of Marche, then he asserted that the French Vexin and Bourges should be given at once. |
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To English historians the lands in France were an encumbrance, while French historians considered the union to be an English empire. |
|
Despite this alliance between the Plantagenets and the Capetians, the dynasty on the French throne, the two houses were sometimes in conflict. |
|
With news arriving of the Battle of Hattin, he took the cross at Tours in the company of other French nobles. |
|
Leopold's banner had been raised alongside the English and French standards. |
|
The leader of the French contingent, the Duke of Burgundy, however, was adamant that a direct attack on Jerusalem should be made. |
|
He wrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. |
|
The perennial problem, however, was the status of Gascony within the kingdom of France, and Edward's role as the French king's vassal. |
|
When the war with France broke out, the French king confiscated the Riccardi's assets, and the bank went bankrupt. |
|
After a successful campaign in Scotland he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1337 but his claim was denied. |
|
Yet, the French never invaded England and France's King John II died in captivity in England. |
|
The greatly outnumbered English forces not only routed the French, but captured the French king, John II and his youngest son, Philip. |
|
In 1369, the French war started anew, and Edward's younger son John of Gaunt was given the responsibility of a military campaign. |
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During the wars with France, opposition emerged in England against perceived injustices by a papacy largely controlled by the French crown. |
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Edward's claim on the French throne was based on his descent from King Philip IV of France, through his mother Isabella. |
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Henry had intended to crusade for the order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans. |
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Afterwards, Henry decided to march with his army across the French countryside towards Calais, despite the warnings of his council. |
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On 25 October 1415, on the plains near the village of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. |
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Because diplomacy and negotiation had failed, Edward III would have to back his claims with force to obtain the French throne. |
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Agincourt also held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne might be realised. |
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Command of the sea was secured by driving the Genoese allies of the French out of the English Channel. |
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This siege cast an even darker shadow on the reputation of the king than his order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. |
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The French were paralysed by the disputes between Burgundians and Armagnacs. |
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Philip the Good, the new Duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. |
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When Charles IV died in 1328, the French succession became more problematic. |
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Thus the French magnates chose Philip of Valois, who became Philip VI of France. |
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The Republic was proclaimed in September 1792 after the French victory at Valmy. |
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Instead of paying homage to the French king, as his ancestors had done, Edward claimed that he was the rightful King of France. |
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Edward III's aggression against Scotland, a French ally, prompted Philip VI to confiscate Guyenne. |
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But Edward, having descended from the French kings, claimed the throne for himself. |
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While on a truce the French and English kings intervened in the War of the Breton Succession. |
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Charles' character eventually alienated both the French and English monarchs, because he readily switched sides whenever it suited his interest. |
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John pursued the Black Prince, who tried to avoid battling the French king's superior force. |
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