The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony, drafted by English religious separatists. |
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I asked the doctor to give me my diagnosis in English, not medical jargon. |
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Some people think it is wrong to end a sentence with a preposition, but the construction is quite common in English. |
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The English that was spoken by William Shakespeare is very different from the modern English spoken today. |
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I haven't taken English 202, but I took an equivalent course at another university. |
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Most adjectives in English do not inflect for gender or number. |
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Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. |
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Some English place names still contain elements derived from Common Brittonic. |
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She wants to learn other languages besides English and French. |
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The word is now established as part of the English language. |
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The paintings are representative of English art in the early 19th century. |
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During the English Civil War, King Charles fled to the Isle of Wight, believing he would receive sympathy from the governor Robert Hammond. |
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The Isle of Wight is the 39th official county in English cricket, and the Isle of Wight Cricket Board organises a league of local clubs. |
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English is spoken by communities on every continent and on oceanic islands in all the major oceans. |
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English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. |
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Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English. |
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Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. |
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A few short inscriptions from the early period of Old English were written using a runic script. |
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Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs had many more inflectional endings and forms, and word order was much freer than in Modern English. |
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In the period from the 8th to the 12th century, Old English gradually transformed through language contact into Middle English. |
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Middle English literature includes Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, and Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. |
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Common Brittonic survives today in a few English place names and river names. |
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By the late 18th century, the British Empire had facilitated the spread of English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. |
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Commerce, science and technology, diplomacy, art, and formal education all contributed to English becoming the first truly global language. |
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English was adopted in North America, India, parts of Africa, Australasia, and many other regions. |
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By the 21st century, English was more widely spoken and written than any language has ever been. |
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English is probably the third largest language by number of native speakers, after Mandarin and Spanish. |
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The countries in which English is spoken can be grouped into different categories by how English is used in each country. |
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English does not belong to just one country, and it does not belong solely to descendants of English settlers. |
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English is an official language of countries populated by few descendants of native speakers of English. |
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Braj Kachru distinguishes countries where English is spoken with a three circles model. |
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English is a pluricentric language, which means that no one national authority sets the standard for use of the language. |
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The majority of immigrants to the United States without British ancestry rapidly adopted English after arrival. |
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Modern English, sometimes described as the first global lingua franca, is also regarded as the first world language. |
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Although in most countries English is not an official language, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. |
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A working knowledge of English has become a requirement in a number of occupations and professions such as medicine and computing. |
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This has led some scholars to develop the study of English as an auxiliary languages. |
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English is used as the language for wider communication in countries around the world. |
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The phonetics and phonology of English differ between dialects, usually without interfering with mutual communication. |
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An English syllable includes a syllable nucleus consisting of a vowel sound. |
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Stress in English is phonemic, and some pairs of words are distinguished by stress. |
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English has undergone many historical sound changes, some of them affecting all varieties, and others affecting only a few. |
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English also has a rich set of auxiliary verbs, such as have and do, expressing the categories of mood and aspect. |
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In English, adjectives come before the nouns they modify and after determiners. |
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English verbs are inflected for tense and aspect, and marked for agreement with third person singular subject. |
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In most sentences English only marks grammatical relations through word order. |
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English syntax relies on auxiliary verbs for many functions including the expression of tense, aspect and mood. |
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The Oxford Dictionaries suggest that there are at least a quarter of a million distinct English words. |
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English forms new words from existing words or roots in its vocabulary through a variety of processes. |
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English has also borrowed many words directly from Latin, the ancestor of the Romance languages, during all stages of its development. |
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Among varieties of English, it is especially American English that influences other languages. |
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Dubbed films and television programmes are an especially fruitful source of English influence on languages in Europe. |
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The great majority of literary works in Old English that survive to today are written in the Roman alphabet. |
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There are also systematic spelling differences between British and American English. |
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The standard orthography of English is the most widely used writing system in the world. |
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Standard English spelling is based on a graphomorphemic segmentation of words into written clues of what meaningful units make up each word. |
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The differences in the pronunciations of the letters c and g are often signalled by the following letters in standard English spelling. |
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For the vowel sounds of the English language, however, correspondences between spelling and pronunciation are more irregular. |
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The consequence of this complex orthographic history is that learning to read can be challenging in English. |
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Such instruction greatly reduces the risk of children experiencing reading difficulties in English. |
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As the place where English first evolved, the British Isles, and particularly England, are home to the most variegated pattern of dialects. |
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English in England can be divided into four major dialect regions, Southwest English, South East English, Midlands English, and Northern English. |
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In Ireland, various forms of English have been spoken since the Norman invasions of the 11th century. |
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The English of neighbouring New Zealand has to a lesser degree become an influential standard variety of the language. |
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Australian English also has a contrast between long and short vowels, not found in most other varieties. |
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Each of these areas are home both to a local variety of English and a local English based creole, combining English and African languages. |
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In Central America, English based creoles are spoken in on the Caribbean coasts of Nicaragua and Panama. |
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English law is the common law legal system governing England and Wales, comprising criminal law and civil law. |
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Crucially, the English common law was sufficiently flexible to adapt its archaic contractual rules into new formats suited to modern commerce. |
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The English Court of Common Pleas was established after Magna Carta to try lawsuits between commoners in which the monarch had no interest. |
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However, the Dutch settlers revolted against the English and the colony was recaptured by the Dutch. |
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Nicaragua's legal system is also a mixture of the English Common Law and Civil Law. |
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The portcullis was originally the badge of various English noble families from the 14th century. |
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Portland cement was used by the famous English engineer Marc Isambard Brunel several years later when constructing the Thames Tunnel. |
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Tilly and Scott have emphasised the continuity in the status of women, finding three stages in English history. |
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Heterography in English makes it difficult for foreigners to learn pronunciation. |
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For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites formed to protest against industrialisation and sometimes sabotaged factories. |
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The rapid industrialisation of the English economy cost many craft workers their jobs. |
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There was also a local coincidence of natural resources in the North of England, the English Midlands, South Wales and the Scottish Lowlands. |
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However, in 2016 the English Lake District bid for World Heritage Status was submitted to UNESCO in the category of cultural landscape. |
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The Lake District is intimately associated with English literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. |
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Moving further north, Broadway Tower is a folly on Broadway Hill, near the village of Broadway, in the English county of Worcestershire. |
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In the English Civil War the majority of Londoners supported the Parliamentary cause. |
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From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team. |
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The population of the region at the 2011 census was 8,634,750 making it the most populous English region. |
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The language at this time would have been the Northumbrian dialect of Old English. |
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Manchester, Liverpool, Lancaster, Blackburn and Preston are among the region's many English place names. |
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The most taught languages in schools across the North West are English, French and German. |
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What a number of these Sirens, Hirens, Cockatrices, Courtezans, in plaine English, Harlots, swimme amongst vs! |
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South Tyneside was the lowest for the English Baccalaureate, followed by Middlesbrough and Hartlepoool. |
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The remains of these castles, some being English Heritage sites, are popular tourist destinations. |
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Moorman, claimed the first extant work of English literature, Beowulf, was written in Yorkshire, this view does not have common acceptance today. |
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This distancing of Yorkshire from England led Read to question whether Yorkshire people were really English at all. |
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Ewing argued that it was offensive to Scots to argue that an English region had the same status as an 'ancient nation' such as Scotland. |
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The completion of the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown. |
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Edward III was the first English king to have a claim to the throne of France. |
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Securing the same succession in Scotland became the primary object of English strategic thinking towards Scotland. |
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The English and Scottish Parliaments were merged into the Parliament of Great Britain, located in Westminster, London. |
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The Marcher Lords were progressively tied to the English kings by the grants of lands and lordships in England. |
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The Scottish and English parliaments established a commission to negotiate a union, formulating an instrument of union between the two countries. |
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Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners took place between 16 April and 22 July 1706 at the Cockpit in London. |
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The English purpose was to ensure that Scotland would not choose a monarch different from the one on the English throne. |
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Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners began on 16 April 1706 at the Cockpit in London. |
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Article 2 provided for the succession of the House of Hanover, and for Protestant succession as set out in the English Act of Settlement. |
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Article 23 provided for Scotland's peers to have the same rights as English peers in any trial of peers. |
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The Isle of Man fell under English control in the 14th century, despite several attempts to restore Scottish authority. |
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Early Scottish coins were similar to English ones, but with the king's head in profile instead of full face. |
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The number of coins struck was small and English coins probably remained more significant in this period. |
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Between then and 1605 they lost value at an average of 12 per cent every ten years, three times the then English rate. |
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In the Late Middle Ages, Middle Scots, often simply called English, became the dominant language of the kingdom. |
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It was derived largely from Old English, with the addition of elements from Gaelic and French. |
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With the increasing influence and availability of books printed in England, most writing in Scotland came to be done in the English fashion. |
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The Wars of Independence largely closed English universities to Scots, and consequently continental universities became more significant. |
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While some Irishmen held the post, most of the lords deputy were English noblemen. |
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The office replaced the previous Lord Lieutenant, who had headed English and British administrations in Ireland since the Middle Ages. |
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English was the official vehicle and the magic formula to colonial elitedom. |
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Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary. |
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Old English should not be regarded as a single monolithic entity, just as Modern English is also not monolithic. |
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Even then, Old English continued to exhibit much local and regional variation, remnants of which remain in Modern English dialects. |
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The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. |
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Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. |
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Norse borrowings are relatively rare in Old English literature, being mostly terms relating to government and administration. |
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Certainly in Middle English texts, which are more often based on eastern dialects, a strong Norse influence becomes apparent. |
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The change to Old English from Old Norse was substantive, pervasive, and of a democratic character. |
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For sound changes before and after the Old English period, see Phonological history of English. |
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Unlike Modern English, Old English is a language rich in morphological diversity. |
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In Old English, however, nouns and their modifying words take appropriate endings depending on their case. |
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Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender. |
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Like today, Old English had fewer strong verbs, and many of these have over time decayed into weak forms. |
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Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. |
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Both England and the English language, thus, ultimately derive at least their names from the Angles and Angeln. |
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Mercia was located in central England and broadly corresponds to what is now known as the English Midlands. |
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Forty-seven-year-old homemaker and volunteer museum guide, holder of a master's degree in English, married twenty-three years to a professor. |
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The climax of the third book is the account of the Council of Whitby, traditionally seen as a major turning point in English history. |
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Bede is also concerned to show the unity of the English, despite the disparate kingdoms that still existed when he was writing. |
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The shrine was destroyed during the English Reformation, but the bones were reburied in the chapel. |
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The History of the English Church and People has a clear polemical and didactic purpose. |
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Bede sets out not just to tell the story of the English, but to advance his views on politics and religion. |
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Bede was a partisan of Rome, regarding Gregory the Great, rather than Augustine, as the true apostle of the English. |
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Many of the copies are of English provenance, but also surprisingly many are Continental. |
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In 1643, Abraham Whelock produced at Cambridge an edition with the Old English text and the Latin text in parallel columns, the first in England. |
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One, known as the Bilingual Canterbury Epitome, is in Old English with a translation of each annal into Latin. |
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Another, the Peterborough Chronicle, is in Old English except for the last entry, which is in early Middle English. |
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The return for each Hundred was sworn to by 12 local jurors, half of them English and half of them Norman. |
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His Norman followers tended to evade the liabilities of their English predecessors. |
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In August 2006 the contents of Domesday went online, with an English translation of the book's Latin. |
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If he did visit the English court, he was the first reigning king of Scots to do so in more than eighty years. |
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Accepting the overlordship of the king of the English was no novelty, as previous kings had done so without result. |
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The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy, where he had been fighting Robert Curthose. |
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In September, learning of William Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English followed. |
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How much Norse influence spread to the English north of the River Tees is uncertain. |
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As of 30 November 2005, the Oxford English Dictionary contained approximately 301,100 main entries. |
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As a result, he founded the Early English Text Society in 1864 and the Chaucer Society in 1868 to publish old manuscripts. |
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However, the English language continued to change and, by the time 20 years had passed, the dictionary was outdated. |
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The Concise Oxford Dictionary is a different work, which aims to cover current English only, without the historical focus. |
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Revised editions appeared throughout the twentieth century to keep it up to date with changes in English usage. |
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Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language. |
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The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. |
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Many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. |
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Thus, word order is not as important in Latin as it is in English, which is less inflected. |
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In the Celtic languages, the words designating English nationality derive from the Latin word Saxones. |
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The continental Saxons were evangelised largely by English missionaries in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. |
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Around 695, two early English missionaries, Hewald the White and Hewald the Black, were martyred by the vicani, that is, villagers. |
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Her family also served as a conduit for the entry of English nobles into Scotland. |
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By the end of the 15th century, however, the Scottish dialect of Northern English had absorbed that designation. |
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The pub combined all the traditional English qualities of horse brasses, Formica and surliness. |
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Native speakers frequently use an English word even if there is a Gaelic equivalent, applying the rules of Gaelic grammar. |
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Scottish Gaelic has also influenced the Scots language and English, particularly Scottish Standard English. |
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Scots English orthographic rules have also been used at various times in Gaelic writing. |
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In the committee stages in the Scottish Parliament, there was much debate over whether Gaelic should be given 'equal validity' with English. |
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The widespread use of English in worship has often been suggested as one of the historic reasons for the decline of Gaelic. |
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The medieval English poet Chaucer describes his student as being happy by having. |
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English rule of law was reinforced and expanded in Ireland during the latter part of the 16th century, leading to the Tudor conquest of Ireland. |
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It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from Latin, Old Norse, French and English. |
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Language shift during the 19th century replaced Irish with English as the first language for a vast majority of the population. |
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Ireland has made a large contribution to world literature in all its branches, particularly in the English language. |
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Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the English and, to a lesser extent, Scottish soccer leagues. |
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The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs that form part of the English coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France. |
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Colloquial Welsh inclines very strongly towards the use of auxiliaries with its verbs, as in English. |
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English Heritage does, however, permit access during the summer and winter solstice, and the spring and autumn equinox. |
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However, in 1985 the site was closed to festivalgoers by English Heritage and the National Trust. |
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The collections are owned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and are on loan to English Heritage. |
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Interest in these events revived in the English Renaissance and led to Boudica's fame in the Victorian era. |
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One reason for this is that the English legal system was more developed than its continental counterparts by the time Roman law was rediscovered. |
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Therefore, the practical advantages of Roman law were less obvious to English practitioners than to continental lawyers. |
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The Greeks who saw them used the Greek 'obeliskos' to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and then English. |
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The Thirty Years' War, the English Civil War and the French Wars of Religion are prominent examples. |
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The retelling of such miracles encouraged the pilgrim trade at Glastonbury until the Abbey was dissolved in 1539, during the English Reformation. |
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The battle is next mentioned in an 8th century text of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. |
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Also, it has long been supposed that the influence of Celtic languages on Old English was slight. |
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The general consensus has been that Old English has little evidence of linguistic contact. |
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This scenario may well have been the source of syntactic features in English, which the latter has in common with Celtic. |
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During the English Reformation, Augustine's shrine was destroyed and his relics were lost. |
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A stickler for the rules of grammar, Mrs. Walker cringes when she encounters any abusage by the students in her freshman English class. |
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In many places, Acadian has been supplanted by English and by Standard French. |
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Samuel McIntyre, famed for his distinctive and delicate version of the English Adamesque style. |
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Dr. Veraswami had a passionate admiration for the English, which a thousand snubs from Englishmen had not shaken. |
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The only candidate for adverbhood seems to be schnell, as indicated by the English gloss. |
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Here the stripped panelling was warmly gold and the pictures, mostly of the English school, were mellow and gentle in the afternoon light. |
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Vergenne'fury reached its height when the priest tried to involve the English ambassador. |
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These titles, dubbed Amerimanga or original English language manga, draw their inspirations from Japanese and other Asian comics. |
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Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much amplified by our English translator. |
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A handful of examples apart, an English preposition precedes its complement. |
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Valerio ridiculed the proposal to his friends and called Cavour an aper of English customs. |
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Comparing the grades of English students to those of engineering students is like trying to compare apples and oranges. |
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The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention. |
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It is beyond a doubt that many sounds are articulable, which do not occur in English. |
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I attended a one-room school next door to the palace and studied English, Xhosa, history and geography. |
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Under the English practice, it was usual to issue separate warrants, attendable at different days. |
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As of 2013, there are approximately 1.2 million autoconfirmed users on English Wikipedia, although the vast majority are not currently active. |
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Test backrower Crocker, 28, had hinted that he would consider retiring if the three-year English deal fell through. |
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Before the Reform Bill anything resembling the neurosis of English Basileolatry was even more completely unknown. |
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She was the daughter of an English officer, who having fallen in love with an Indian Begum gave up home, country, and friends, and married her. |
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Over the past two hundred years the English language has risen, seemingly irresistably, to its present position of world-bestriding supremacy. |
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We English people, be that as it may, have among us the best nursing for love and the worst nursing for money that can be got in Europe. |
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The English Channel is a body of water lying between Great Britain and France. |
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It is, however, interesting in connection with that fact to remember that the last bowshot in English warfare was fired during the Civil War. |
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Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know. |
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Canuxploitation films form a constant undercurrent in both English Canada and Quebec, swelling at certain points to near-tidal proportions. |
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English and French have different rules for the capitalisation of the names of the days of the week. |
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If English were a causal ontology, you could not say or write 'I ate my house', because you cannot eat a house. |
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It is not a chince, I do assure you, it is an English cotton, which I value much more. |
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And as Global English evolves through the twenty-first century, Chinglish will, undoubtedly, continue to have a sizable impact. |
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It must be remembered that the English organ until then had little to offer other than stopped diapasons and clarabellas. |
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There is little authority in English law dealing with the liability of a carrier who unnecessarily clauses a bill of lading. |
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The escapement used in French Drum Clocks is a continual source of trouble to English clock jobbers. |
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I remark that everyone understands the Captain's English, while they don't seem to get on very well with my French. |
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Samuel Johnson compiled one of the most influential dictionaries of the English language. |
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In conjectural statements, the French often use the Future or the Conditional, instead of the Perfect or the Pluperfect used in English. |
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The Constitution is anchored in English liberal thought and the Magna Carta. |
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The advertising slogans, once linguistically and culturally translated, lose none of the corporatespeak inanity that they convey in English. |
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Preferable is the cosey English walled villa of the middle class, even though it be a bit stuffy and suggestive of earwigs. |
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So many freeholders of English will be able to beard and to counterpoise the rest. |
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The English sparrow, another abundant city species, also loves streetlights and lampposts, especially those with crosspipes open at the ends. |
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Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season. |
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An English tradesman is always solicitous to cut the shop whenever he can do so with impunity. |
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The same cyber-unit also attacked other Albanian sites and the largest Croatian daily English newspapers. |
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Although the United States currently has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. |
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The verb can is defective in most English dialects, as it lacks an infinitive. |
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By one stroke our next generation grew up speaking a few words of English, but it had essentially been demuslimized, and deculturalized. |
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A gormless-looking boy, thin and exhibiting diastemata in the shop-front lights, offered him English newspapers. |
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By the way, what has become of the conspiracy of Brander Matthews et als to disemvowel the English language? Not that it matters. |
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He thought it no policy to distaste the English or Irish by a course of reformation, but sought to please them. |
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He wore a domino, but beneath it could be seen his whiskers, cut after the English fashion, and long and pendent. |
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In 1450 the English Pale stretched eighteen miles from near Wissant in Picardy to Gravelines in Flanders. |
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If hypocrisy was the English vice, as the French critic Taine declared, then it had soon become naturalized in the United States. |
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The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to fight with the English. |
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As has often been remarked, French prose fiction of the Enlightenment is more often feminocentric than its English counterpart. |
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Many flat adverbs, as in 'run fast', 'buy cheap', etc. are from Old English. |
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Most of our ingenious young men take up some cry'd-up English poet for their model. |
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The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. |
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You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. |
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Some point to the creation of Magna Carta as the genesis of English common law. |
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Chinese has borrowed several words from English, but it does not have a genetic relationship to English. |
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Now, other than the fact that that is bureaucratic gobblygook written by somebody whose fourth language must be English. |
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Gerrard discloses that the pancreas is sometimes substituted for sweetbread and is referred to as gutbread in English slaughter houses. |
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England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. |
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Competing with Spain, the first English colony in the Americas was founded in 1585 by explorer Walter Raleigh in Virginia and named Roanoke. |
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In 1588, during the Elizabethan period, an English fleet under Francis Drake defeated an invading Spanish Armada. |
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He styled himself King of Great Britain, although this had no basis in English law. |
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Some English people, especially in the north, were Jacobites and continued to support James and his sons. |
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The coldest months are January and February, the latter particularly on the English coast, while July is normally the warmest month. |
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Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands. |
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During the English Renaissance, many words were coined from Latin and Greek origins. |
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Modern English has extended this custom of flexibility, when it comes to incorporating words from different languages. |
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Thanks in large part to the British Empire, the English language is the world's unofficial lingua franca. |
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English language learning and teaching is an important economic activity, and includes language schooling, tourism spending, and publishing. |
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There is no legislation mandating an official language for England, but English is the only language used for official business. |
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As well as English, England has two other indigenous languages, Cornish and Welsh. |
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Middle English literature emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales, along with Gower, the Pearl Poet and Langland. |
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With the English Renaissance literature in the Early Modern English style appeared. |
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Other contemporary English directors include Sam Mendes, Guy Ritchie and Steve McQueen. |
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Many successful Hollywood films have been based on English people, stories or events. |
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English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. |
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Rugby League is most popular among towns in the northern English counties of Lancashire, Yorkshire and Cumbria. |
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All eleven English clubs in Super League are based in the north of England. |
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The biennial golf competition, the Ryder Cup, is named after English businessman Samuel Ryder who sponsored the event and donated the trophy. |
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Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region. |
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Its first page shows the long form name of the state in English, Welsh and Scottish Gaelic. |
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Subsequent medieval English kings completed the conquest of Wales and made an unsuccessful attempt to annex Scotland. |
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Wales was fully incorporated into the Kingdom of England, and Ireland was constituted as a kingdom in personal union with the English crown. |
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The international spread of the English language ensured the continuing international influence of its literature and culture. |
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The English top division, the Premier League, is the most watched football league in the world. |
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Team members are drawn from the main county sides, and include both English and Welsh players. |
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There is a professional league championship in which clubs representing 17 English counties and 1 Welsh county compete. |
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Scottish Standard English may have been influenced to varying degrees by Scots. |
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Later medieval literature included works in Latin, Gaelic, Old English and French. |
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English law is regarded as a common law system, with no major codification of the law, and legal precedents are binding as opposed to persuasive. |
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Services between north and south Wales operate through the English towns of Chester and Shrewsbury along the Welsh Marches Line. |
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English is spoken by almost all people in Wales and is the main language in most of the country. |
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Humanists such as William Salesbury and John Davies brought Renaissance ideals from English universities when they returned to Wales. |
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A number of independent radio stations broadcast to the Welsh regions, predominantly in English. |
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Magazines published in Welsh and English cover general and specialist subjects. |
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In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. |
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Some of the energy from this wave travels through the English Channel into the North Sea. |
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The theory is a vast underwater landslide in the English Channel was triggered by the earthquake, which in turn caused a tsunami. |
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After the Glorious Revolution the Dutch prince William ascended to the English throne. |
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Throughout the centuries until the 18th, the English Channel did not have any fixed name in English and in French. |
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The scheme mandates that vessels travelling north must use the French side, travelling south the English side. |
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The two dominant cultures are English on the north shore of the Channel, French on the south. |
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