How to use Chromium in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Chromium dosage at quite high levels in animal studies showed no disturbance in liver and kidney function or tissue histology. Chromium additions impart improved resistance to oxidizing media such as nitric and chromic acids. Chromium in floppy disks, lead in batteries and computer monitors, and mercury in alkaline batteries and fluorescent lamps also pose severe health risks. Chromium imparts passivity of ferrous alloys when present in amounts of more than about 11 per cent, particularly if conditions are strongly oxidizing. The following specifications are for a Ion Chromatography system equip with a post column system for the analysis of Hexavalent Chromium. Hexavalent Chromium is one of 20 substances that currently are being reviewed by the USEPA for possible further regulation. Being part of the nutritional yeasts, Torula contains B vitamins, Chromium, amino acids and Selenium. Chromium also produces carbides with impressive abrasion resistance. Examples of transition metals include vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, scandium, yttrium, zirconium, silver, and gold. First, the roller coaster's wooden components have been treated with copper, chromium and arsenic, a carcinogen. Gone will be the chromium and arsenic, which are being replaced by a solution of ammonia. Well basically CCA treated timber is treated with copper, chromium and arsenic, which is injected into the wood under pressure. Materials that are more biocompatible, such as cobalt chromium or titanium alloys, are used for permanent implants. Among the most important minerals for supplementation are chromium, magnesium, and vanadium. Fecal output was calculated by dividing mean chromium release rate by the concentration of chromium in the feces. Other residual deposits are sources of chromium, titanium, rare-earth elements, and even gold. A cross sectional survey was performed in a chromium contaminated area and in an uncontaminated control area about 10 km away. Tanning, the process that converts raw hides or skins into leather, utilizes hazardous substances such as chromium and phenol. Some material contains so much chromium in its structure that the stones are dark red. For example, the technique is used to silver-plate table utensils and to weatherproof objects with cadmium or chromium plating. Show More Sentences The chemicals which must be replaced by 2007 include lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and some flame retardants. Our results should furthermore be useful to build up an analytic expression for the index of refraction of chromium forsterite. Circuit boards typically contain cadmium, mercury and chromium while the whole package is housed in brominated, flame-retardant plastic. In the water samples, elevated levels of chromium, chlorine, molybdenum, and zinc were found in the MS cluster area. The minor alloy additions, such as chromium and zirconium, have a marked effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. While writing this story she added selenium and chromium to her supplement regimen. Sam took a paper napkin from the chromium dispenser, crunched it into a ball and handed it to her. Unknown quantities of mercury, lead, chromium and cadmium are also on board. Uvarovite is formed from the metamorphism of impure siliceous limestones and some other rocks that contain chromium. The most common of the special elements added to cast iron are nickel, chromium, copper and molybdenum. Chromate passivation systems containing hexavalent chromium compounds are extensively used in electroplating and metal treatment processing. In addition to mercury and lead, the other heavy metals commonly used by auto makers are cadmium and hexavalent chromium. Etchants are commonly employed in the manufacture of resistor boards where films of gold, nickel, or chromium are to be etched. There is a growing acceptance that industry will adopt trivalent chromium as an intermediate solution to the replacement of hexavalent chromium. The chemicals which must be replaced by 2007 include lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium and some flame retardants. Stainless steel is an alloy composed of various percentages of iron, nickel, sulfur, carbon, silicon, manganese, and chromium. I mentioned yesterday that analogous difference between chromium and chromate, the chromate is much more toxic than the trivalent chromium. However, nickel alloys containing chromium, titanium and aluminum will form a thin oxide film. Common alloys used for this purpose include molybdenum and chromium in addition to manganese and carbon. The metal can be, for example, titanium, tantalum, chromium, aluminium or tungsten. Show More Sentences Few people realize that the chromium plate process usually involves a pre-plate of nickel. In the specific case of the bath shown in Sample 3, there is no determinable limit to the thickness of the chromium plate which can be achieved. The dull or matte chromium plate will not be quite as hard as the bright, but will be far more durable under heavy contact loading. Aluminum die-castings have the advantage of lightweight, but zinc is more economical to chromium plate. The CA-15 alloy contains the minimum amount of chromium necessary to make it essentially rustproof. Amino acids like histidine and glutamic acid that readily form complexes with chromium were also shown to increase absorption. Thin layers of chromium and gold were sequentially sputtered on the substrates using the following procedure. Contractors are currently working to decontaminate the site, which has chromium and cadmium residues from the former foundry. However, toxic sexivalent chromium compounds are produced under oxidizing condition. The presence of alloying elements such as beryllium, chromium, silicon, and aluminum modifies the nature of the oxide, making it more tenacious. The most important precipitation-hardening reactions are obtained with beryllium, chromium, boron, nickel, silicon, and zirconium. Mordants most commonly used in tissue staining are salts of aluminum, chromium, iron, potassium, and tungsten. So far, however, most of the alternatives to hexavalent chromium-based passivations are trivalent chromium based. The corresponding loss in yield strength is compensated by alloying with vanadium, nitrogen, chromium, molybdenum, and titanium. These steels do have some limitations, particularly those with higher chromium contents, where there can be a marked tendency to embrittlement. Elements such as lead, tellurium, beryllium, chromium, phosphorus, and manganese have little or no effect on the corrosion resistance of coppers and binary copper-zinc alloys. Zinc-based materials and polymers are replacing hexavalent chromium. High levels of chromium, mercury, lead and zinc in trough shell Spisula subtruncata from dredge dumping site Oostende could be ascribed to the dredge dumping activities. The coal ash deposits have heavy concentrations of hexavalent chromium, a carcinogen. This has not only led to a substantial reduction in fibre content in the diet but also, possibly, the content of micronutrients such as vitamin B-complex, zinc and chromium. Show More Sentences Residents of Woburn may also have been exposed to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons as well as to arsenic and chromium compounds in their drinking water. To alleviate this problem, small quantities of elements which are stronger carbide formers than chromium, such as titanium or niobium are commonly added. Carbon steel is an alloy of iron with small amounts of Mn, S, P, and Si. Alloy steels are carbon steels with other additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium, etc. There is some evidence that chromium, boron, and other inorganic elements play some part in human nutrition, but the evidence is indirect and not yet convincing. Unlike metals like iron, which rusts and corrodes dramatically, chromium remains stable after oxidation and subsequent burial. The yield and tensile strengths of metals that crystallize in the body-centered cubic from iron, molybdenum, vanadium and chromium depend greatly on temperature. Vanadium, molybdenum, niobium, titanium, chromium, nickel, manganese are but a few of the many metals which make their way into steel to yield alloys with special properties. One might be able to recover from waste relatively pure metals, such as chromium and molybdenum, which are for all practical purposes identical to unused materials. Martensitic stainless steels are essentially alloys of chromium and carbon that possess a distorted body-centered cubic crystal structure in the hardened condition. The most popular complexed form is chromium picolinate, although chromium nicotinate and chromium citrate are also used as nutritional supplements. Metal oxides such as chromium, iron, copper, or manganese, are used to colour glass, and the shades range from a light green to deep blue to topaz yellow. The dark green color of the emerald required chromium, an element not normally found in granitic pegmatites but often in good supply in ultramafics. Examples of use of chromium are car bumpers and handles, plating on appliances such as toasters, electric fry pans, and coffee-makers, and handles on ranges and refrigerators. This chromium oxide film is passive and stable, and it seals the base metal from exposure to the atmosphere, thereby precluding further oxidation. For the applicator, hexavalent chromium passivations are easy to use and can be bulk applied often by a single-stage immersion and are inexpensive to make-up and operate. Coal combustion produces emissions containing aluminium, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, selenium, and uranium. Ammonolysis was used for the conversion of chromium metalate precursors into ternary nitrides. The same idea as was meant above we applied to the reactor for chromium sludge processing. Cobalt chromium alloy strengthens the stent and allows for strut thickness while maintaining radiopacity. One method of manufacturing thin film resistor chips is through the sputtering of nickel chromium on an alumina substrate. Show More Sentences Micro Tuff consists of a long-chain polymer combined with free chromium and an organic impregnating agent. These pyrope garnet compositions fall within the G9 classification and extend the lherzolite trend due to their elevated chromium compositions. Erosion and abrasion of chromium carbide based cermets produced by different methods. Mutational specificity of chromium compounds in the hprt locus of chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells. Hexavalent chromium is more toxicologically active than trivalent chromium. In 1991, the 36-track drive was introduced, which used a new extended-length chromium dioxide tape and provided 800MB of storage. The formation, decomposition and substitution reactions of the unusual organometallic penta chromium complexes also are being investigated. Hexavalent chromium is also known to affect blood, the respiratory system, liver, kidneys, eyes and skin, it says. Carbide forming elements such as chromium promote the decrease of free ferrite in cast iron and reduce the total possible strengthening effect. Ferroalloys are iron alloys that contain chromium, manganese, silicon or other elements in varying proportions. Common engineering metals include aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, titanium and zinc. It involves bonding a thin layer of another metal such as gold, silver, chromium or zinc to the surface of the product. These intrusions often contain concentrations of gold, platinum, chromium and other rare elements. Resources of energy are scarce, except in the territory of Kosovo, where considerable coal, lead, zinc, chromium and silver deposits are located. Alloy steels contain varying amounts of carbon as well as other metals, such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc. These values vary depending on alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, nickel, iron, tungsten, carbon and so on. Tests conducted by the organization also showed that the concentration of sexivalent chromium in the water was 242 times the national standard, the China Daily reports. Other alloying agents, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, titanium and vanadium counteracts silicon, promotes the retention of carbon, and the formation of those carbides. To date there have been no good research studies to show that such supplements as choline, inositol, chromium, L-carnitine, or whatever can increase one's metabolic rate. Hydration states of interlamellar chromium ions in montmorillonite. Show More Sentences According to the bulletin, hexavalent chromium is considered a health risk that can cause cancer, as well as nausea, ulcers, kidney and liver damage and other ill effects. When the V-shaped ribbon is released from the substrate it forms a helix consisting of a dual coil that is connected at either end to chromium electrode pads. In previous research, the scientists found that this alteration is at least partially due to a change in the oxidation state of the chromium in this type of pigment over time. This happens more for particles with a high-sulfate content because the chromium atoms in these particles are not as well integrated into the crystal lattice. But in the one study that looked at insulin resistance, chromium helped. The pyroxenite rock, that hosts the main mineralized zone, is part of the Thetford Mines ophiolitic complex which is well known for its chromium potential. Armorite is a combination of high chromium and molybdenum white iron, metallurgically bonded to a mild, thick steel plate that provides maximum protection in high wear areas. Elevated levels of dioxins, trichloroethene, chromium, petroleum hydrocarbons and perchlorate have been found in the burn pit area, officials said. Flow injecton method for the rapid determination of chemical oxygen demand based on microwave digestion and chromium speciation in flame atomic-absorption spectrometry. The microstructure of the material supplied by the manufacturer was composed of a mixture of ferrite, globular cementite and primary chromium carbides. Several categories of waste by-products were stored on site including lead, chromium, corrosives caustics, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and ethyl acetate. In this article for additional alloying scandium and chromium are selected on the basis of analysis of diagrams of state of aluminium alloys and literature data. Emerald derives its green coloring from either vanadium or chromium. Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. Examples from Classical Literature Chromium produces a green color, which is reddish in lead glass, and yellowish in soda, and potash-lime glasses. Any chromium present will now be in solution in the easily recognised form of potassic chromate. Pass dry chlorine over a mixture of sesquioxide of chromium and charcoal, heated to redness, in a porcelain tube. The chloride of chromium is again precipitated with carbonate of lime, and by ignition converted into chromate of lime. When the crucible has cooled a button of chromium will be found in the bottom. When, therefore, chromium is not detected in the precipitate, the filtrate should also be examined. The superb green pigment used by enamellers under this name is the green oxide or sesquioxide of chromium. While chromium forms two series of salts, chromous salts are difficult to prepare and are of little importance. Like manganese, chromium forms two unstable acids, namely, chromic acid and dichromic acid. That which bears the poetic name of star-stone, stellite, is composed of chromium, cobalt and tungsten in varying proportions. It has been produced artificially by adding iron instead of chromium to the matrix from which the white sapphire crystallizes. Hence to ensure precipitation steps must be taken to reduce the adsorption of hydrions by the chromium hydrate sol. The trivalent metals, which in addition to aluminium include also iron and chromium, are sometimes called the earth metals. It is the common source of nearly all the other compounds of chromium. The principal chrome mineral is chromite, an oxide of chromium and iron. Like chromium, the metals are difficult to prepare in pure condition. Inhalation exposure to soluble hexavalent chromium can lead to nasal irritation, nasal ulcerations and perforations, asthma and bronchitis. Potassic dichromate contains potassium, chromium, and oxygen. Well, if I don't see him, you let him know about the chromium. As the last, but submitting oxide of chromium for the protoxide of copper. Show More Sentences The presence of chlorine ions in the water combined with the deflection of the mold brings about a chemical reaction between the chlorine and chromium in the steel. Find more words! 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